MAgPIE - An Open Source land-use modeling framework

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Marginal Abatement Cost Curves (57_maccs)

Description

This module describes technical mitigation of GHG emissions. It allows to reduce GHG emissions by undertaking mitigation measures in exchange for additional mitigation costs. The technical mitigation measures include, for example, better spreader maintenance, feed additives or investments in animal waste management facilities. Please note that technical mitigation is possible only in the “on” module realization below. For simplicity, we considered only the effects of mitigation measure costs and emissions. Their direct consequences on biophysical values like yields or water requirements is ignored at the moment.

Mitigation costs are estimated using marginal abatement cost curves (MACCs). The curves are applied on the original emissions, and reduce them by a certain percentage in exchange for additional costs. The MACCs used in this module are based on the data from Lucas et al. (2007).

Interfaces

Input

Output

Realizations

(A) on_aug22

Unlike the previous realization, this implementation allows for the possibility that non-CO2 emissions can be reduced by technical mitigation at additional costs. The following MACC data sets are available in this module: Lucas et al. (2007) (PBL_2007) and Harmsen et al. (2019) (PBL_2019).

Therefore, the equation below is used to estimate the mitigation costs. MACC costs are calculated based on emissions BEFORE technical mitigation. These emissions are here calculated back from the final emissions, using the mitigated shares. Please note that in some cases (e.g. N2O emissions from soils) there is an intended mismatch between the actual mitigated quantities, and the quantities for which abatement has to be paid. As can be seen in the respective emission module (e.g. 50_nr_soil_budget), the mitigation quantity is reduced if baseline efficiencies are already high, but the mitigation costs still apply fully, as the mitigation “effort” is the same. Mitigation costs are then calculated as the product of GHG emissions before technical mitigation, and the costs per unit of technical mitigation. The mitigation costs will go into the objective function of the model. To avoid double-accounting, the fertilizer savings that reduce the costs of the MACCs have to be added again to the MACCs, as the fertilizer costs are endogenous in our model and fall with rising MACCs. We ex-post replicate these implicit cost savings by assuming that they calculate the MACCs emission savings proportional to fertilizer savings. Fertilization quantity is derived by calculating emissions back to fertilization using the default emission factor by the IPCC that is likely the basis for their estimates (E=F*EF, F= E/EF).

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_maccs\_costs(i2) = \sum_{ct,emis\_source,pollutants\_maccs57}\left( p57\_maccs\_costs\_integral(ct,i2,emis\_source,pollutants\_maccs57) \cdot \frac{ vm\_emissions\_reg(i2,emis\_source,pollutants\_maccs57) }{ \left(1 - im\_maccs\_mitigation(ct,i2,emis\_source,pollutants\_maccs57)\right) }\right) + \sum_{emis\_source\_inorg\_fert\_n2o}\left( \left(\frac{vm\_emissions\_reg(i2,emis\_source\_inorg\_fert\_n2o,"n2o\_n\_direct") }{ s57\_implicit\_emis\_factor}\right) \cdot \sum_{ct}im\_maccs\_mitigation(ct,i2,emis\_source\_inorg\_fert\_n2o,"n2o\_n\_direct") \cdot s57\_implicit\_fert\_cost \right) \end{multline*}\]

Limitations The data set PBL_2007 is outdated and only kept for backward compatibility

Definitions

Objects

Sets

Authors

Benjamin Leon Bodirsky, Florian Humpenoeder

See Also

09_drivers, 11_costs, 50_nr_soil_budget, 51_nitrogen, 53_methane, 56_ghg_policy

References