The 39_CCU module includes the possibliity to use synthetic gas and liquids. Synthetic gases and liquids can be produced by the model if realization “on” is chosen. Synthetic gases and liquids refer to hydrocarbon liquid (e.g. petrol, diesel, kerosene) and gaseous fuels based on a synthesis of hydrogen and captured CO2. In case of gaseous fuels (h22ch4), it is the methanation process, while in the case of liquid fuels (MeOH) it is either a route via Fischer-Tropsch based on hydrogen or a liquid production route via methanol. A differentiation of the latter two technologies is not necessary due to similar technoeconomic characteristics. The resulting hydrocarbon fuels can then be used in all energy-demand sectors (transport,industry,buildings). The two synfuel technologies (h22ch4,MeOH) convert secondary energy hydrogen to secondary energy liquids or gases. The captured CO2 can either come from the energy supply technologies w/ capture, industry w/ capture and direct air capture. For the former two, it can have either fossil or biogenic origin.
| Description | Unit | A | B | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cm_emiscen | policy scenario choice | x | ||
| cm_shSynGas | lower bound on share of synthetic gases by 2045 | x | ||
| cm_shSynTrans | lower bound on share of synthetic fuels in all transport fuels by 2045 | x | ||
| pm_emifac (tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_te, all_enty) |
emission factor by technology for all types of emissions in emiTe | x | ||
| vm_cap (tall, all_regi, all_te, rlf) |
net total capacities | x | x | |
| vm_co2capture (ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_te, rlf) |
all captured CO2. | \(GtC/a\) | x | |
| vm_demFeSector (ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, emi_sectors, all_emiMkt) |
fe demand per sector and emission market. | \(TWa\) | x | |
| vm_prodSe (tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_te) |
se production. | \(TWa\) | x |
| Description | Unit | |
|---|---|---|
| vm_co2CCUshort (ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_te, rlf) |
CO2 captured in CCU te that have a persistence for co2 storage shorter than 5 years. Unit GtC/a |
Limitations There are no known limitations.
Standard CCU realization including the possibility to produce synthetic gas and synthetic liquids from hydrogen and captured CO2.
Standard CCU realization including the possibility to produce synthetic gas and synthetic liquids from hydrogen and captured CO2.
\[\begin{multline*} \sum_{teCCU2rlf(te,rlf)}\left( vm\_co2CCUshort(t,regi,"cco2","ccuco2short",te,rlf) \right) = \sum_{se2se\_ccu39(enty,enty2,te)}\left( p39\_co2\_dem(t,regi,enty,enty2,te) \cdot vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,enty2,te) \right) \end{multline*}\]
Adjust the shares of synfuels in transport liquids. This equation is only effective when CCU is switched on.
\[\begin{multline*} \left( \sum_{pe2se(entyPe,entySe,te)\$seAgg2se("all\_seliq",entySe)} vm\_prodSe(t,regi,entyPe,entySe,te) + \sum_{se2se(entySe,entySe2,te)\$seAgg2se("all\_seliq",entySe2)} vm\_prodSe(t,regi,entySe,entySe2,te) \right) \cdot v39\_shSynTrans(t,regi) = vm\_prodSe(t,regi,"seh2","seliqsyn","MeOH") \end{multline*}\]
\[\begin{multline*} \left( \sum_{pe2se(entyPe,entySe,te)\$seAgg2se("all\_sega",entySe)} vm\_prodSe(t,regi,entyPe,entySe,te) + \sum_{se2se(entySe,entySe2,te)\$seAgg2se("all\_sega",entySe2)} vm\_prodSe(t,regi,entySe,entySe2,te) \right) \cdot v39\_shSynGas(t,regi) = vm\_prodSe(t,regi,"seh2","segasyn","h22ch4") \end{multline*}\]
\[\begin{multline*} vm\_demFeSector(t,regi,"seliqsyn",entyFe,sector,emiMkt) \cdot \sum_{enty\_BioSyn\_39(entyFe2,sector2,emiMkt2)}\left( \left( vm\_demFeSector(t,regi,"seliqsyn",entyFe2,sector2,emiMkt2) + vm\_demFeSector(t,regi,"seliqbio",entyFe2,sector2,emiMkt2)\right)\right) = \left( vm\_demFeSector(t,regi,"seliqsyn",entyFe,sector,emiMkt) + vm\_demFeSector(t,regi,"seliqbio",entyFe,sector,emiMkt)\right) \cdot \sum_{enty\_BioSyn\_39(entyFe2,sector2,emiMkt2)}\left( vm\_demFeSector(t,regi,"seliqsyn",entyFe2,sector2,emiMkt2)\right) \end{multline*}\]
Standard CCU realization including the possibility to produce synthetic gas and synthetic liquids from hydrogen and captured CO2.
Limitations Produces secondary energy liquids and gases without differentiating, for example, between the type of liquids (petrol, diesel, kerosene). Assumes that you need to capture only as much CO2 as ends up in the final product, so no CCU leakage emisssions. Produces secondary energy liquids and gases without differentiating, for example, between the type of liquids (petrol, diesel, kerosene). Assumes that you need to capture only as much CO2 as ends up in the final product, so no CCU leakage emisssions. Produces secondary energy liquids and gases without differentiating, for example, between the type of liquids (petrol, diesel, kerosene). Assumes that you need to capture only as much CO2 as ends up in the final product, so no CCU leakage emisssions.
| Description | Unit | A | B | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| p39_co2_dem (ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_te) |
CO2 demand of CCU technologies, unit: tC/TWa(output) | x | ||
| q39_emiCCU (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
calculate CCU emissions | x | ||
| q39_EqualSecShare_BioSyn (ttot, all_regi, all_enty, emi_sectors, emiMkt) |
constraint on equal share of synfuels in biofuels+synfuels for sectors | x | ||
| q39_shSynGas (ttot, all_regi) |
Define share of of synthetic gas in all SE gases. | x | ||
| q39_shSynTrans (ttot, all_regi) |
Define share of of synthetic liquids in all SE liquids. | x | ||
| v39_shSynGas (ttot, all_regi) |
Share of synthetic gas in all SE gases. Value between 0 and 1. | x | ||
| v39_shSynTrans (ttot, all_regi) |
Share of synthetic liquids in all SE liquids. Value between 0 and 1. | x |
| description | |
|---|---|
| all_emiMkt | emission markets |
| all_enty | all types of quantities |
| all_regi | all regions |
| all_te | all energy technologies, including from modules |
| emi_sectors | comprehensive sector set used for more detailed emissions accounting (REMIND-EU) and for CH4 tier 1 scaling - potentially to be integrated with similar set all_exogEmi |
| enty(all_enty) | all types of quantities |
| enty_BioSyn_39(all_enty, emi_sectors, emiMkt) | FE, sector and emissions markets to which constraint on equal share of synfuels in biofuels+synfuels should be applied |
| enty_ccu39(all_enty) | all types of quantities |
| entyFe(all_enty) | final energy types. |
| entyPe(all_enty) | Primary energy types (PE) |
| entySe(all_enty) | secondary energy types |
| in(all_in) | All inputs and outputs of the CES function |
| modules | all the available modules |
| pe2se(all_enty, all_enty, all_te) | map primary energy carriers to secondary |
| regi(all_regi) | all regions used in the solution process |
| rlf | cost levels of fossil fuels |
| se2se(all_enty, all_enty, all_te) | map secondary energy to secondary energy using a technology |
| se2se_ccu39(all_enty, all_enty, all_te) | map secondary energy to secondary energy using a CCU-technology |
| seAgg2se(all_enty, all_enty) | map secondary energy aggregation to se |
| t(ttot) | modeling time, usually starting in 2005, but later for fixed delay runs |
| tall | time index |
| te(all_te) | energy technologies |
| te_ccu39(all_te) | CCU technologies |
| te2rlf(all_te, rlf) | all technologies to grades |
| teCCU2rlf(all_te, rlf) | mapping for CCU technologies to grades |
| teSe2rlf(all_te, rlf) | mapping for techologies to grades. Currently, the information was shifted to teRe2rlfDetail. Thus, teSe2rlf now only has ‘1’ for the rlf values |
| teSeCCU2rlf(all_te, rlf) | mapping for secondary energy CCU technologies to grades |
| ttot(tall) | time index with spin up |
Laura Popin, Jessica Strefler, Felix Schreyer