REMIND - REgional Model of INvestments and Development

3.0.0

created with goxygen 1.2.4

Capital Market (23_capitalMarket)

Description

The capital market module determines direction and volume of capital flows (which are linked to the export and import of goods and energy, and which is accounted for in the intertemporal trade balance). By directing the goods trade, the capital market implementation affects the consumption path.

Interfaces

Interfaces to other modules

Input

module inputs (A: debt_limit | B: imperfect | C: perfect)
  Description Unit A B C
cm_prtpScen pure rate of time preference standard values x
pm_MPortsPrice
(tall, all_regi, all_enty)
Secondary energy import price for region (only used in se_trade realisation). x x
pm_prtp
(all_regi)
Pure rate of time preference x
pm_pvp
(ttot, all_enty)
Price on commodity markets x x
pm_XPortsPrice
(tall, all_regi, all_enty)
Export price for region (capacity realisation). Calculated in the postsolve and corresponding to the region secondary energy price \(T\$/TWa\) x x
vm_cesIO
(tall, all_regi, all_in)
Production factor x x
vm_Mport
(tall, all_regi, all_enty)
Import of traded commodity. x x
vm_Xport
(tall, all_regi, all_enty)
Export of traded commodity. x x

Output

module outputs
  Description Unit
pm_ies
(all_regi)
intertemporal elasticity of substitution
pm_nfa_start
(all_regi)
initial net foreign asset
pm_risk_premium
(all_regi)
risk premium that lowers the use of capital imports

Realizations

(A) debt_limit

The debt_limit realization assumes restricted capital mobility represented by a debt constraints.

The debt_limit realization assumes restricted capital mobility represented by a debt constraints.

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_cesIO(t,regi,"inco") \cdot p23\_debt\_growthCoeff(regi) \geq vm\_Mport(t,regi,"good") - vm\_Xport(t,regi,"good") + \sum_{tradePe}\left( \left(\frac{pm\_pvp(t,tradePe)}{\left(pm\_pvp(t,"good")+0.000000001\right)}\right) \cdot \left(vm\_Mport(t,regi,tradePe)- vm\_Xport(t,regi,tradePe)\right)\right) + \left(\frac{pm\_pvp(t,"perm")}{\left(pm\_pvp(t,"good")+0.000000001\right)}\right) \cdot \left(vm\_Mport(t,regi,"perm") - vm\_Xport(t,regi,"perm")\right) + \sum_{tradeSe}\left( pm\_MPortsPrice(t,regi,tradeSe) \cdot vm\_Mport(t,regi,tradeSe)\right) - \sum_{tradeSe}\left( pm\_XPortsPrice(t,regi,tradeSe) \cdot vm\_Xport(t,regi,tradeSe)\right) \end{multline*}\]

\[\begin{multline*} -1.0 \cdot vm\_cesIO(t,regi,"inco") \cdot p23\_debt\_growthCoeff(regi) \leq vm\_Mport(t,regi,"good") - vm\_Xport(t,regi,"good") + \sum_{tradePe}\left( \left(\frac{pm\_pvp(t,tradePe)}{\left(pm\_pvp(t,"good")+0.000000001\right)}\right) \cdot \left(vm\_Mport(t,regi,tradePe)- vm\_Xport(t,regi,tradePe)\right)\right) + \left(\frac{pm\_pvp(t,"perm")}{\left(pm\_pvp(t,"good")+0.000000001\right)}\right) \cdot \left(vm\_Mport(t,regi,"perm") - vm\_Xport(t,regi,"perm")\right) + \sum_{tradeSe}\left( pm\_MPortsPrice(t,regi,tradeSe) \cdot vm\_Mport(t,regi,tradeSe)\right) - \sum_{tradeSe}\left( pm\_XPortsPrice(t,regi,tradeSe) \cdot vm\_Xport(t,regi,tradeSe)\right) \end{multline*}\]

The debt_limit realization assumes restricted capital mobility represented by a debt constraints.

Limitations The resulting consumption paths and current accounts in initial periods fit roughly to empirical data, but not as well as with imperfect market realization. The resulting consumption paths and current accounts in initial periods fit roughly to empirical data, but not as well as with imperfect market realization. The resulting consumption paths and current accounts in initial periods fit roughly to empirical data, but not as well as with imperfect market realization.

(B) imperfect

This realization considers imperfections on capital markets represented by constraints (e.g. limits on debt accumulation) and risk mark-ups on capital flows. Moreover, regionally differentiated preference paramters (so-called savings wedges) cover institutional imperfections. Compared to the perfect capital market realization, this realization substantially improves the fit of simulation results (initial consumption paths and current accounts) with the data.

This realization considers imperfections on capital markets represented by constraints (e.g. limits on debt accumulation) and risk mark-ups on capital flows. Moreover, regionally differentiated preference paramters (so-called savings wedges) cover institutional imperfections. Compared to the perfect capital market realization, this realization substantially improves the fit of simulation results (initial consumption paths and current accounts) with the data.

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_cesIO(t,regi,"inco") \cdot p23\_debtCoeff \geq \sum_{ttot\$\left(ttot.val le t.val\right)}\left( \sum_{trade\$\left(NOT tradeSe(trade)\right)}\left( \left(\frac{pm\_pvp(ttot,trade)}{\left(pm\_pvp("2005","good") + 0.000000001\right)}\right) \cdot \left(vm\_Mport(ttot,regi,trade)- vm\_Xport(ttot,regi,trade)\right)\right) + \sum_{tradeSe}\left( pm\_MPortsPrice(ttot,regi,tradeSe) \cdot vm\_Mport(ttot,regi,tradeSe)\right) - \sum_{tradeSe}\left( pm\_XPortsPrice(ttot,regi,tradeSe) \cdot vm\_Xport(ttot,regi,tradeSe)\right) + vm\_budgetTradeM(t,regi) - vm\_budgetTradeX(t,regi) \right) \end{multline*}\]

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_cesIO(t,regi,"inco") \cdot p23\_debt\_growthCoeff(regi) \geq vm\_Mport(t,regi,"good") - vm\_Xport(t,regi,"good") + \sum_{tradePe}\left( \left(\frac{pm\_pvp(t,tradePe)}{\left(pm\_pvp(t,"good")+0.000000001\right)}\right) \cdot \left(vm\_Mport(t,regi,tradePe)- vm\_Xport(t,regi,tradePe)\right)\right) + \left(\frac{pm\_pvp(t,"perm")}{\left(pm\_pvp(t,"good")+0.000000001\right)}\right) \cdot \left(vm\_Mport(t,regi,"perm") - vm\_Xport(t,regi,"perm")\right) + \sum_{tradeSe}\left( pm\_MPortsPrice(t,regi,tradeSe) \cdot vm\_Mport(t,regi,tradeSe)\right) - \sum_{tradeSe}\left( pm\_XPortsPrice(t,regi,tradeSe) \cdot vm\_Xport(t,regi,tradeSe)\right) + vm\_budgetTradeM(t,regi) - vm\_budgetTradeX(t,regi) \end{multline*}\]

This realization considers imperfections on capital markets represented by constraints (e.g. limits on debt accumulation) and risk mark-ups on capital flows. Moreover, regionally differentiated preference paramters (so-called savings wedges) cover institutional imperfections. Compared to the perfect capital market realization, this realization substantially improves the fit of simulation results (initial consumption paths and current accounts) with the data.

Limitations This implementation ist still under construction. This implementation ist still under construction. This implementation ist still under construction.

(C) perfect

The perfect capital market realization assumes unrestricted capital mobility and investments decisions that are based on uniform savings behavior (equal time preferences and intertemporal elasticities of substitution) across regions.

The perfect capital market realization assumes unrestricted capital mobility and investments decisions that are based on uniform savings behavior (equal time preferences and intertemporal elasticities of substitution) across regions.

The perfect capital market realization assumes unrestricted capital mobility and investments decisions that are based on uniform savings behavior (equal time preferences and intertemporal elasticities of substitution) across regions.

Limitations The resulting consumption paths and current accounta in initial periods do not fit to empirical data. Energy system dynamics and mitigation costs are hardly affected. The resulting consumption paths and current accounta in initial periods do not fit to empirical data. Energy system dynamics and mitigation costs are hardly affected. The resulting consumption paths and current accounta in initial periods do not fit to empirical data. Energy system dynamics and mitigation costs are hardly affected.

Definitions

Objects

module-internal objects (A: debt_limit | B: imperfect | C: perfect)
  Description Unit A B C
p23_debt_growthCoeff
(all_regi)
maximum indebtness growth as share of GDP x x
p23_debtCoeff maximum indebtness as share of GDP x
p23_prtp
(all_regi)
regionally differentiated pure rate of time preference x
q23_limit_debt
(ttot, all_regi)
debt constraint x
q23_limit_debt_growth
(ttot, all_regi)
debt growth constraint x x
q23_limit_surplus_growth
(ttot, all_regi)
surplus growth constraint x

Sets

sets in use
  description
all_enty all types of quantities
all_in all inputs and outputs of the CES function
all_regi all regions
modules all the available modules
regi(all_regi) all regions used in the solution process
t(ttot) modeling time, usually starting in 2005, but later for fixed delay runs
tall time index
trade(all_enty) All traded commodities
tradePe(all_enty) Traded primary energy commodities
tradeSe(all_enty) Traded secondary energy commodities
ttot(tall) time index with spin up

Authors

Marian Leimbach

See Also

01_macro, 02_welfare, 24_trade, 80_optimization, core

References