REMIND - REgional Model of INvestments and Development

3.7.0

created with goxygen 1.5.0

Industry (37_industry)

Description

This module models final energy use in the industry sector and its subsectors, as well as the emissions generated by them.

Interfaces

Interface plot missing!

Input

module inputs (A: subsectors)
  Description Unit A
cm_CCS_cement CCS for cement sub-sector x
cm_CCS_chemicals CCS for chemicals sub-sector x
cm_CCS_steel CCS for steel sub-sector x
cm_IndCCSscen CCS for Industry x
cm_nonPlasticFeedstockEmiShare Share of non-plastic carbon that gets emitted rest is stored permanently, \(share\) x
cm_optimisticMAC assume optimistic Industry MAC from AR5 Ch. 10? x
cm_startyear first optimized modelling time step \(year\) x
cm_wastelag switch to decide whether waste from plastics lags ten years behind plastics production x
pm_FEPrice
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, sector, emiMkt)
parameter to capture all FE prices across sectors and markets \(tr\$2017/TWa\) x
pm_cesdata
(tall, all_regi, all_in, cesParameter)
parameters of the CES function: efficiency parameters (xi, eff, effgr) [unitless], target quantities of CES calibration (quantity) [unit of CES node, see set all_in], CES prices resulting from calibration (price) \(T\$/unit of CES node\) x
pm_cesdata_sigma
(ttot, all_in)
elasticities of substitution, higher values increase sustitutability between inputs of the CES function (i.e. stronger reaction of quantities to price changes) \(unitless\) x
pm_delta_kap
(all_regi, all_in)
Depreciation rate of capital. x
pm_emifac
(tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_te, all_enty)
emission factor by technology for all types of energy-related emissions \(GtC/TWa, Mt CH4/TWa, Mt N/TWa, Mt SO2/TWa, Mt BC/TWa, Mt OC/TWa\) x
pm_emifacNonEnergy
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, emi_sectors, all_enty)
emission factor for non-energy fedstocks, only for chemical industry \(GtC/TWa\) x
pm_exogDemScen
(ttot, all_regi, exogDemScen, all_in)
Exogenous demand trajectories to fix CES function to specific quantity trajectories x
pm_fedemandInd
(tall, all_regi, all_in)
read-in parameter for final energy and production trajectories used for the CES parameter calibration in industry \(EJ, ue_primary_steel, ue_secondary_steel: Gt, ue_otherInd: \$tn\) x
pm_incinerationRate
(ttot, all_regi)
share of plastic waste that gets incinerated \(fraction\) x
pm_macAbat
(tall, all_regi, all_enty, steps)
abatement levels based on data from van Vuuren \(fraction\) x
pm_macAbatLev
(tall, all_regi, all_enty)
actual level of abatement per time step, region, and source \(fraction\) x
pm_macStep
(tall, all_regi, all_enty)
step number of abatement level \(integer\) x
pm_macSwitch
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty)
switch to include mac options in specific sectors and years \(0/1\) x
pm_tau_ces_tax
(ttot, all_regi, all_in)
ces production tax to implement CES mark-up cost in a budget-neutral way x
pm_ts
(tall)
(t_n+1 - t_n-1)/2 for a timestep t_n x
qm_budget
(ttot, all_regi)
Budget balance x
sm_D2005_2_D2017 Convert US$2005 to US$2017 x
sm_D2020_2_D2017 Convert US$2020 to US$2017 x
sm_EJ_2_TWa convert from Exa Joule to Tera Watt annum x
sm_EURO2023_2_D2017 Convert EURO 2023 to US$2017 x
sm_TWa_2_MWh convert Tera Watt annum to Mega Wh x
sm_c_2_co2 convert mass from carbon to CO2 (44/12) x
sm_dmac step in MAC functions \(US\$\) x
sm_eps small number: 1e-9 x
sm_giga_2_non giga to non x
sm_macChange maximum yearly increase of relative abatement in percentage points of maximum abatement. \(0..1\) x
sm_tmp temporary scalar that can be used locally x
sm_tmp2 temporary scalar that can be used locally x
vm_cap
(tall, all_regi, all_te, rlf)
net total capacities [TW] for energy conversion technologies, [GtC] for CCS chain in ccs2te (pipelines/injection) x
vm_capFac
(ttot, all_regi, all_te)
capacity factor of conversion technologies \(share\) x
vm_cesIO
(tall, all_regi, all_in)
Production factor x
vm_costCESMkup
(ttot, all_regi, all_in)
CES markup cost to represent demand-side technology cost of end-use transformation \(T\$/TWa\) x
vm_demFeSector_afterTax
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, emi_sectors, all_emiMkt)
final energy demand per sector and emissions market after taxation, demand sectors should use this variable in their final energy balance equations so demand-side marginals include taxes effects \(TWa\) x

Output

module outputs
  Description Unit
pm_IndstCO2Captured
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, secInd37, all_emiMkt)
Captured CO2 in industry by energy carrier, subsector and emissions market \(GtC/a\)
pm_NonFos_IndCC_fraction0
(ttot, all_regi, emiInd37)
share of fuel co2 captured that is from sebio or sesyn \(fraction\)
pm_abatparam_Ind
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, steps)
industry CCS MAC curves \(ratio @ US\$2017\)
pm_calibrate_eff_scale
(all_in, all_in, eff_scale_par)
parameters for scaling efficiencies in CES calibration for industry \(unitless\)
pm_energy_limit
(all_in)
thermodynamic/technical limits of subsector energy use \(GJ/t product\)
pm_outflowPrcHist
(tall, all_regi, all_te, opmoPrc)
Exogenously prescribed production volume of processes in start year (from IEA data)
pm_specFeDem
(tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_te, opmoPrc)
Actual specific final-energy demand of a tech; blends between IEA data and Target \(TWa/Gt_output\)
pm_ue_eff_target
(all_in)
energy efficiency target trajectories \(\% p.a.\)
vm_IndCCSCost
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty)
industry CCS cost
vm_costMatPrc
(tall, all_regi)
Cost of external material inputs such as iron ore in process-based industry \(trn \$2017/a\)
vm_demFeNonEnergySector
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, emi_sectors, all_emiMkt)
final energy demand used for material feedstocks in the industry sector \(TWa\)
vm_emiFeedstockNoEnergy
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
Emissions from feedstocks that are not accounted as energy-related emissions, so far only CO2 emissions \(GtC\)
vm_emiIndBase
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, secInd37)
industry CCS baseline emissions; Not used for emission accounting outside CCS \(GtC/a\)
vm_emiIndCCS
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty)
industry CCS emissions \(GtC/a\)
vm_emiNonFosNonIncineratedPlastics
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
Negative CO2 emissions from non-fossil carbon in non-incinerated plastics \(GtC\)
vm_incinerationCCS
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
CCS from incineration of plastic waste \(GtC\)
vm_nonFosNonPlasticNonEmitted
(ttot, all_regi)
Carbon from non-fossil origin in non-plastic materials that does not get emitted to the atmosphere \(GtC\)
vm_nonFosPlastic_incinCC
(ttot, all_regi, all_emiMkt)
Carbon from non-fossil origin in plastics that gets incinerated with carbon capture \(GtC\)
vm_outflowPrc
(tall, all_regi, all_te, opmoPrc)
Production volume of processes in process-based model \(Gt/a\)
vm_wasteIncinerationEmiBalance
(tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
Sum of plastics waste incineration related emissions (positive and negative) \(GtC\)

Realizations

(A) subsectors

subsectors models industry subsectors explicitly with individual models for cement, chemicals, steel, and otherInd production.

In the original formulation, each of the subsectors is modeled with its own CES nest. Extensive documentation for this CES-based version can be found in the preprint https://gmd.copernicus.org/preprints/gmd-2023-153/

Apart from that, there is a process-based subsector model implementation, which is currently implemented for primary and secondary steel. For this subsector, the switch cm_subsec_model_steel allows to switch between both implementations. Extending this process-based model to other subsectors is planned.

The process-based implementation removes the CES tree below the ue_ (subsector output) level. It introduces technologies as in the ESM/core, however with some differences.

Characteristics of these technologies are: - Vintage tracking, CAPEX & OPEX are implemented via the core equations q_cap, q_costInv and q_costOM; techno-economic data is input via generisdata_tech.prn - Specific FE demands (arbitrary number of inputs) are used instead of one efficiency eta - For historically exisitng tech, specific energy demand follows exogenous convergence from historical values (via pm_fedemandInd) to the best available technology (BAT) - For “new” tech, temporally constant BAT values are assumed for energy efficiency - Technologies have specific material demands. Materials can be model-external (e.g. iron ore) or outputs of other processes (e.g. DRI); This allows to have process routes consiting of several production steps. Their production volume is linked via these input and output materials. For example, the bf tech produces as much pigiron as the bof needs as input - Each technology has one output material (may be extended to several); Specific tech inputs are normalized with this output quantity; i.e. idr specific demands are per Gt of DRI. - Technologies can have several operation modes with different material and FE demands; This allows, for example, to switch from ng-based idr to h2-based with now additional capacity and CAPEX - Emissions are accounted via FE demand and pm_emifac, which happens outside of the industry module and is independent of its implementation. - Currently, production can be lower than capacity * capFac (arbitrary early retirement) - Currently, there is no learning and no regionalized costs for industry tech - CCS: the process-based implementation has a different CCS implementation. Instead of a MAC curve, point-source carbon capture (CC) is an additional tech. There is an own CC retrofit tech for each applicable baseline tech, which can be placed “on top of it”; These remove a part of the local emissions according to their capture rate.

Industry final energy balance

\[\begin{multline*} \sum_{se2fe(entySe,entyFe,te)}\left( vm\_demFeSector\_afterTax(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,"indst",emiMkt) \right) = \sum_{fe2ppfEn\left(entyFe,ppfen\_industry\_dyn37(in)\right)}\left( \sum_{secInd37\_emiMkt(secInd37,emiMkt),secInd37\_2\_pf(secInd37,in)}\left( \left( vm\_cesIO(t,regi,in) + pm\_cesdata(t,regi,in,"offset\_quantity") \right)\$\left(NOT secInd37Prc(secInd37)\right) \right) \right) + \sum_{secInd37\_emiMkt(secInd37Prc,emiMkt), secInd37\_tePrc(secInd37Prc,tePrc), tePrc2opmoPrc(tePrc,opmoPrc)}\left( pm\_specFeDem(t,regi,entyFe,tePrc,opmoPrc) \cdot vm\_outflowPrc(t,regi,tePrc,opmoPrc) \right) \end{multline*}\]

Thermodynamic limits on subsector energy demand

\[\begin{multline*} \sum_{ces\_eff\_target\_dyn37(out,in)} vm\_cesIO(t,regi,in) \geq vm\_cesIO(t,regi,out) \cdot p37\_energy\_limit\_slope(t,regi,out) \end{multline*}\]

Limit the share of secondary steel to historic values, fading to 90 % in 2050

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_cesIO(t,regi,"ue\_steel\_secondary") \leq \left( vm\_cesIO(t,regi,"ue\_steel\_primary") + vm\_cesIO(t,regi,"ue\_steel\_secondary") \right) \cdot p37\_steel\_secondary\_max\_share(t,regi) \end{multline*}\]

Compute gross local industry emissions before CCS by multiplying sub-sector energy use with fuel-specific emission factors. (Local means from a hypothetical purely fossil energy mix, as that is what can be captured); vm_emiIndBase itself is not used for emission accounting, just as a CCS baseline.

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_emiIndBase(t,regi,enty,secInd37) = \sum_{secInd37\_2\_pf\left(secInd37,ppfen\_industry\_dyn37(in)\right),fe2ppfEn\left(entyFeCC37(enty),in\right)}\left( \left( vm\_cesIO(t,regi,in) - \left( p37\_chemicals\_feedstock\_share(t,regi) \cdot vm\_cesIO(t,regi,in) \right)\$ in\_chemicals\_feedstock\_37(in) \right) \cdot \sum_{se2fe(entySeFos,enty,te)}\left( pm\_emifac(t,regi,entySeFos,enty,te,"co2") \right) \right)\$\left( NOT secInd37Prc(secInd37) \right) + \left( s37\_clinker\_process\_CO2 \cdot p37\_clinker\_cement\_ratio(t,regi) \cdot \frac{ vm\_cesIO(t,regi,"ue\_cement") }{ sm\_c\_2\_co2 }\right)\$\left( sameas(enty,"co2cement\_process") \& sameas(secInd37,"cement") \right) + \sum_{secInd37\_tePrc(secInd37,tePrc),tePrc2opmoPrc(tePrc,opmoPrc)}\left( v37\_emiPrc(t,regi,enty,tePrc,opmoPrc) \right)\$ secInd37Prc(secInd37) \end{multline*}\]

Compute maximum possible CCS level in industry sub-sectors given the current CO2 price.

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_emiIndCCSmax(t,regi,emiInd37) = \sum_{emiMac2mac(emiInd37,macInd37)}\left( \left( \sum_{secInd37\_2\_emiInd37(secInd37,emiInd37),entyFeCC37}\left( vm\_emiIndBase(t,regi,entyFeCC37,secInd37) \right)\$\left( NOT sameas(emiInd37,"co2cement\_process") \right) + \left( vm\_emiIndBase(t,regi,"co2cement\_process","cement") \right)\$ sameas(emiInd37,"co2cement\_process") \right) \cdot pm\_macSwitch(t,regi,macInd37) \cdot pm\_macAbatLev(t,regi,macInd37) \right) \end{multline*}\]

Limit industry CCS to maximum possible CCS level.

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_emiIndCCSmax(t,regi,emiInd37) = \sum_{emiMac2mac(emiInd37,macInd37)}\left( \left( \sum_{secInd37\_2\_emiInd37(secInd37,emiInd37),entyFeCC37}\left( vm\_emiIndBase(t,regi,entyFeCC37,secInd37) \right)\$\left( NOT sameas(emiInd37,"co2cement\_process") \right) + \left( vm\_emiIndBase(t,regi,"co2cement\_process","cement") \right)\$ sameas(emiInd37,"co2cement\_process") \right) \cdot pm\_macSwitch(t,regi,macInd37) \cdot pm\_macAbatLev(t,regi,macInd37) \right) \end{multline*}\]

Limit industry CCS scale-up to sm_macChange (default: 5 % p.a.)

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_emiIndCCS(ttot,regi,emiInd37) \leq vm\_emiIndCCS(ttot-1,regi,emiInd37) + \sum_{secInd37\_2\_emiInd37(secInd37,emiInd37)}\left( v37\_emiIndCCSmax(ttot,regi,emiInd37) \cdot sm\_macChange \cdot pm\_ts(ttot) \right) \end{multline*}\]

Fix cement fuel and cement process emissions to the same abatement level.

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_emiIndCCS(t,regi,"co2cement") \cdot v37\_emiIndCCSmax(t,regi,"co2cement\_process") = vm\_emiIndCCS(t,regi,"co2cement\_process") \cdot v37\_emiIndCCSmax(t,regi,"co2cement") \end{multline*}\]

Calculate industry CCS costs.

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_emiIndCCSmax(t,regi,emiInd37) = \sum_{emiMac2mac(emiInd37,macInd37)}\left( \left( \sum_{secInd37\_2\_emiInd37(secInd37,emiInd37),entyFeCC37}\left( vm\_emiIndBase(t,regi,entyFeCC37,secInd37) \right)\$\left( NOT sameas(emiInd37,"co2cement\_process") \right) + \left( vm\_emiIndBase(t,regi,"co2cement\_process","cement") \right)\$ sameas(emiInd37,"co2cement\_process") \right) \cdot pm\_macSwitch(t,regi,macInd37) \cdot pm\_macAbatLev(t,regi,macInd37) \right) \end{multline*}\]

CES markup cost that are accounted in the budget (GDP) to represent sector-specific demand-side transformation cost in industry

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_costCESMkup(t,regi,in) = p37\_CESMkup(t,regi,in) \cdot \left(vm\_cesIO(t,regi,in) + pm\_cesdata(t,regi,in,"offset\_quantity")\right) \end{multline*}\]

Feedstock balances

Feedstocks are used for emissions accounting of the chemicals sector, as some carbon from FE inputs is bound in output materials and not emitted, and some is emitted as non-energy emissions Since all feedstocks come from feso/feli/fega, the share of feso+feli+fega in chemicals FE demand has to be larger than the feedstocks share.

\[\begin{multline*} \sum_{in\_chemicals\_feedstock\_37(in)} vm\_cesIO(t,regi,in) \geq \sum_{ces\_eff\_target\_dyn37("ue\_chemicals",in)} vm\_cesIO(t,regi,in) \cdot p37\_chemicals\_feedstock\_share(t,regi) \end{multline*}\]

Balance for total feedstock demand per FE, summed over SE

\[\begin{multline*} \sum_{se2fe(entySe,entyFe,te)}\left( vm\_demFeNonEnergySector(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,"indst",emiMkt) \right) = \sum_{fe2ppfEn\left(entyFe,in\_chemicals\_feedstock\_37(in)\right)}\left( \left( vm\_cesIO(t,regi,in) + pm\_cesdata(t,regi,in,"offset\_quantity") \right) \cdot p37\_chemicals\_feedstock\_share(t,regi) \right)\$ entyFE2sector2emiMkt\_NonEn(entyFe,"indst",emiMkt) \end{multline*}\]

Feedstocks have identical fossil/biomass/synfuel shares as industry FE

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_demFeSector\_afterTax(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,"indst",emiMkt) \cdot \sum_{se2fe(entySe2,entyFe,te)}\left( vm\_demFeNonEnergySector(t,regi,entySe2,entyFe,"indst",emiMkt) \right) \leq vm\_demFeNonEnergySector(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,"indst",emiMkt) \cdot \sum_{se2fe2(entySe2,entyFe,te)}\left( vm\_demFeSector\_afterTax(t,regi,entySe2,entyFe,"indst",emiMkt) \right) \end{multline*}\]

Calculate mass of carbon contained in chemical feedstocks (not including carbon that gets lost as chemical process emissions)

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_feedstocksCarbon(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt) = vm\_demFeNonEnergySector(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,"indst",emiMkt) \cdot p37\_FeedstockCarbonContent(t,regi,entyFe) \end{multline*}\]

Calculate carbon contained in plastics as a share of carbon in feedstock [GtC]

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_feedstocksCarbon(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt) = vm\_demFeNonEnergySector(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,"indst",emiMkt) \cdot p37\_FeedstockCarbonContent(t,regi,entyFe) \end{multline*}\]

calculate plastic waste generation, shifted by mean lifetime of plastic products shift by 2 time steps when we have 5-year steps and 1 when we have 10-year steps allocate averge of 2055 and 2060 to 2070, unless cm_wastelag is 0, in which case waste is incurred in the same period plastics are produced

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_plasticWaste(ttot,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt) = v37\_plasticsCarbon(ttot,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt)\$\left(cm\_wastelag eq 0 OR ttot.val lt 2015\right) + \left( v37\_plasticsCarbon(ttot-2,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt)\$\left( ttot.val lt 2070 \right) + \left(\frac{ \left( v37\_plasticsCarbon(ttot-2,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt) + v37\_plasticsCarbon(ttot-1,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt) \right) }{ 2 }\right)\$\left( ttot.val eq 2070 \right) + v37\_plasticsCarbon(ttot-1,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt)\$\left( ttot.val gt 2070 \right) \right)\$\left( cm\_wastelag gt 0 \& ttot.val ge 2015\right) \end{multline*}\]

calculate carbon contained in incinerated plastics this is used in emissions accounting

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_feedstocksCarbon(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt) = vm\_demFeNonEnergySector(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,"indst",emiMkt) \cdot p37\_FeedstockCarbonContent(t,regi,entyFe) \end{multline*}\]

emissions from plastics incineration as a share of total plastic waste, calculated as carbon in incinerated plastics discounted by captured amount

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_feedstocksCarbon(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt) = vm\_demFeNonEnergySector(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,"indst",emiMkt) \cdot p37\_FeedstockCarbonContent(t,regi,entyFe) \end{multline*}\]

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_feedstocksCarbon(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt) = vm\_demFeNonEnergySector(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,"indst",emiMkt) \cdot p37\_FeedstockCarbonContent(t,regi,entyFe) \end{multline*}\]

sum non-fossil carbon from plastics that get incinerated with carbon capture

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_nonFosPlastic\_incinCC(t,regi,emiMkt) = \sum_{\left(entyFE2sector2emiMkt\_NonEn(entyFe,"indst",emiMkt), se2fe(entySe,entyFe,te)\right)\$\left( entySeBio(entySe) OR entySeSyn(entySe) \right)}\left( vm\_incinerationCCS(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt) \right) \end{multline*}\]

calculate negative emissions from non-fossil carbon in plastics that do not get incinerated (“plastic removals”) attribute to ES market as we account these emissions in the waste sector (IPCC sector 5)

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_emiNonFosNonIncineratedPlastics(t,regi,emi,emiMkt) = \sum_{\left(entyFE2sector2emiMkt\_NonEn(entyFe,"indst",emiMkt2), se2fe(entySe,entyFe,te)\right)\$\left( entySeBio(entySe) OR entySeSyn(entySe) \right)}\left( \cdot ' substract all non-fossil plastics carbon - v37\_plasticsCarbon(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt2) \cdot ' add non-fossil incinerated plastics carbon + v37\_plasticWaste(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt2) \cdot pm\_incinerationRate(t,regi) \right)\$\left( sameas(emi,"co2") \& sameas(emiMkt,"ES") \right) \end{multline*}\]

calculate non-fossil carbon in non-plastic waste that does not get emitted to the atmosphere (i.e. is stored permanently)

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_nonFosNonPlasticNonEmitted(t,regi) = \sum_{\left(entyFE2sector2emiMkt\_NonEn(entyFe,"indst",emiMkt), se2fe(entySe,entyFe,te)\right)\$\left( entySeBio(entySe) OR entySeSyn(entySe) \right)}\left( v37\_feedstocksCarbon(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt) \cdot \left(1 - s37\_plasticsShare\right) \cdot \left(1 - cm\_nonPlasticFeedstockEmiShare\right) \right) \end{multline*}\]

calculate net emissions from non-plastic waste attribute to ES market as we assume open burning without energy recovery or landfilling (depending on cm_nonPlasticFeedstockEmiShare) and therefore account these emissions in the waste sector (IPCC sector 5)

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_emiNonPlasticWaste(t,regi,emi,emiMkt) = \left( \sum_{\left(entyFE2sector2emiMkt\_NonEn(entyFe,"indst",emiMkt2), se2fe(entySe,entyFe,te)\right)\$entySeFos(entySe)}\left( \cdot ' fossil carbon in non-plastic waste that gets emitted to the atmosphere v37\_feedstocksCarbon(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt2) \cdot \left(1 - s37\_plasticsShare\right) \cdot cm\_nonPlasticFeedstockEmiShare\right) \cdot ' non-fossil carbon in non-plastic waste that does not get emitted to the atmosphere \left(i.e. is stored permanently\right) - vm\_nonFosNonPlasticNonEmitted(t,regi) \right)\$\left( sameas(emi,"co2") \& sameas(emiMkt,"ES") \right) \end{multline*}\]

calculate chemical process emissions as carbon that does not end up in product but is emitted during conversion processes

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_emiChemicalsProcess(t,regi,emi,emiMkt) = \sum_{entyFE2sector2emiMkt\_NonEn(entyFe,sector,emiMkt), se2fe(entySe,entyFe,te)}\left( vm\_demFeNonEnergySector(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,sector,emiMkt) \cdot pm\_emifacNonEnergy(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,sector,emi) \right) \end{multline*}\]

sum all emissions from feedstocks that are not accounted as energy-related emissions (i.e. no combustion or combustion without energy recovery)

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_emiFeedstockNoEnergy(t,regi,emi,emiMkt) = v37\_emiChemicalsProcess(t,regi,emi,emiMkt) + vm\_emiNonFosNonIncineratedPlastics(t,regi,emi,emiMkt) + v37\_emiNonPlasticWaste(t,regi,emi,emiMkt) \end{multline*}\]

sum feedstocks incineration emissions up, accouned as energy-related emissions

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_wasteIncinerationEmiBalance(t,regi,enty,emiMkt) = + \sum_{\left(entyFE2sector2emiMkt\_NonEn(entyFe,"indst",emiMkt), se2fe(entySe,entyFe,te)\right)\$ entySeFos(entySe) }\left( v37\_incinerationEmi(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,emiMkt) \right)\$ sameas(enty,"co2") - vm\_nonFosPlastic\_incinCC(t,regi,emiMkt)\$ sameas(enty,"co2") \end{multline*}\]

Material input to production

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_matFlow(t,regi,mat) = \sum_{tePrc2matIn(tePrc,opmoPrc,mat)}\left( p37\_specMatDem(mat,tePrc,opmoPrc) \cdot vm\_outflowPrc(t,regi,tePrc,opmoPrc) \right) \end{multline*}\]

Material cost

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_costMatPrc(t,regi) = \sum_{mat}\left( p37\_priceMat(mat) \cdot v37\_matFlow(t,regi,mat)\right) \end{multline*}\]

Output material production

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_matFlow(t,regi,mat) = \sum_{tePrc2matOut(tePrc,opmoPrc,mat)}\left( vm\_outflowPrc(t,regi,tePrc,opmoPrc) \right) \end{multline*}\]

Hand-over to CES

\[\begin{multline*} \left(vm\_cesIO(t,regi,in) + pm\_cesdata(t,regi,in,"offset\_quantity")\right) \cdot p37\_ue\_share(mat,in) = \sum_{mat2ue(mat,in)}\left( p37\_mat2ue(mat,in) \cdot v37\_matFlow(t,regi,mat) \right) \end{multline*}\]

Definition of capacity constraints (historical and current) historical capacity constraint allows for free adjustment of the capacity factor, as historical input data sometimes displays low capacity factors (below 0.8).

\[\begin{multline*} \sum_{tePrc2opmoPrc(tePrc,opmoPrc)}\left( vm\_outflowPrc(t,regi,tePrc,opmoPrc) \right) \leq \sum_{teMat2rlf(tePrc,rlf)}\left( vm\_capFac(t,regi,tePrc) \cdot vm\_cap(t,regi,tePrc,rlf) \right) \end{multline*}\]

from 2025 onwards, the constraint is binding, fixing the capacity factor to 0.8. this prevents the model from idling capacity at zero cost, which otherwise leads to unrealistically low utilizations

\[\begin{multline*} \sum_{tePrc2opmoPrc(tePrc,opmoPrc)}\left( vm\_outflowPrc(t,regi,tePrc,opmoPrc) \right) = \sum_{teMat2rlf(tePrc,rlf)}\left( vm\_capFac(t,regi,tePrc) \cdot vm\_cap(t,regi,tePrc,rlf) \right) \end{multline*}\]

Emission from process based industry sector (pre CC)

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_emiPrc(t,regi,entyFe,tePrc,opmoPrc) = pm\_specFeDem(t,regi,entyFe,tePrc,opmoPrc) \cdot \sum_{se2fe(entySeFos,entyFe,te)}\left( pm\_emifac(t,regi,entySeFos,entyFe,te,"co2")\right) \cdot vm\_outflowPrc(t,regi,tePrc,opmoPrc) \end{multline*}\]

Carbon capture processes can only capture as much co2 as the base process and the CCS process combined emit

\[\begin{multline*} \sum_{tePrc2opmoPrc(teCCPrc,opmoCCPrc)}\left( vm\_outflowPrc(t,regi,teCCPrc,opmoCCPrc) \right) = p37\_captureRate(teCCPrc) \cdot \sum_{entyFe,tePrc2teCCPrc(tePrc,opmoPrc,teCCPrc,opmoCCPrc)}\left( v37\_shareWithCC(t,regi,tePrc,opmoPrc) \cdot v37\_emiPrc(t,regi,entyFe,tePrc,opmoPrc) \right) + p37\_selfCaptureRate(teCCPrc) \cdot \sum_{entyFe,tePrc2opmoPrc(teCCPrc,opmoCCPrc)}\left( v37\_emiPrc(t,regi,entyFe,teCCPrc,opmoCCPrc)\right) \end{multline*}\]

Emission captured from process based industry sector

\[\begin{multline*} vm\_emiIndCCS(t,regi,emiInd37) = \sum_{secInd37\_2\_emiInd37(secInd37Prc,emiInd37), secInd37\_tePrc(secInd37Prc,tePrc), tePrc2teCCPrc(tePrc,opmoPrc,teCCPrc,opmoCCPrc)}\left( vm\_outflowPrc(t,regi,teCCPrc,opmoCCPrc) \right) \end{multline*}\]

Limit biosolids in industry (only for ETS - all sectors except otherInd)

\[\begin{multline*} v37\_shSolidsIndst(t,regi) \cdot \sum_{\left(entySe,te\right)\$se2fe(entySe,entyFe,te)}\left( vm\_demFeSector\_afterTax(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,"indst","ETS")\right) \geq \sum_{\left(entySeBio,te\right)\$se2fe(entySeBio,entyFe,te)}\left( vm\_demFeSector\_afterTax(t,regi,entySeBio,entyFe,"indst","ETS")\right) \end{multline*}\]

Limitations There are no known limitations.

Definitions

Objects

module-internal objects (A: subsectors)
  Description Unit A
f37_steel_secondary_max_share
(tall, all_regi, all_GDPpopScen)
maximum share of secondary steel production x
o37_ProdIndRoute
(ttot, all_regi, mat, route)
produciton volume of a material via each process route x
o37_cementProcessEmissions
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty)
cement process emissions \(GtC/a\) x
o37_demFeIndRoute
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_te, route, secInd37)
FE demand by FE type, process route and tech x
o37_demFeIndSub
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, secInd37, all_emiMkt)
FE demand per industry subsector x
o37_demFeIndTotEn
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
total FE per energy carrier and emissions market in industry (sum over subsectors) x
o37_demFePrc
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_te, opmoPrc)
Process-based FE demand per FE type and process x
o37_relativeOutflow
(ttot, all_regi, all_te, opmoPrc)
Outflow of a process relative to the outflow of the route, i.e. the final product of that route; Needed for LCOP calculation x
o37_shIndFE
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, secInd37, all_emiMkt)
share of subsector in FE industry energy carriers and emissions markets x
o37_shareRoute
(ttot, all_regi, all_te, opmoPrc, route)
The relative share (between 0 and 1) of a technology and operation mode outflow which belongs to a certain route; For example, bf.standard belongs partly to the route bfbof and partly to the route bfbof x
o37_specificEmi
(ttot, all_regi, all_te, opmoPrc)
Specific emissions of a technology; Needed as auxiliary for relative outflow calculation of CC tech x
p37_CESMkup
(ttot, all_regi, all_in)
parameter for those CES markup cost accounted as investment cost in the budget \(trUSD/CES input\) x
p37_CESMkup_input
(all_in)
markup cost parameter read in from config for CES levels in industry to influence demand-side cost and efficiencies in CES tree \(trUSD/CES input\) x
p37_CarbonFeed_CDR
(ttot, all_regi, all_emiMkt)
testing parameter for carbon in feedstocks from biogenic and synthetic sources x
p37_EmiEnDemand
(ttot, all_regi)
energy demand co2 emissions without non-energy correction x
p37_EmiEnDemand_NonEnCorr
(ttot, all_regi)
energy demand co2 emissions with non-energy correction x
p37_Emi_ChemProcess
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, emiMkt)
testing parameter for process emissions from chemical feedstocks x
p37_FE_noNonEn
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty2, emiMkt)
testing parameter for FE without non-energy use x
p37_FeedstockCarbonContent
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty)
carbon content of feedstocks \(GtC/TWa\) x
p37_IndFeBal_FeedStock_LH
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, emiMkt)
testing parameter Ind FE Balance left-hand side feedstock term x
p37_IndFeBal_FeedStock_RH
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, emiMkt)
testing parameter Ind FE Balance right-hand side feedstock term x
p37_arcane_FE_limits
(all_in, all_in)
minimum ratio of feelhth/feelwlth and feh2/fega (may be needed for calibration) x
p37_captureRate
(all_te)
Capture rate of CCS technology x
p37_cesIO_baseline
(tall, all_regi, all_in)
vm_cesIO from the baseline scenario x
p37_cesIO_up_steel_secondary
(tall, all_regi, all_GDPpopScen)
upper limit to secondary steel production based on scrap availability x
p37_cesdata_sigma
(all_in)
industry substitution elasticities x
p37_chemicals_feedstock_share
(ttot, all_regi)
minimum share of feso/feli/fega in total chemicals FE input \(0-1\) x
p37_clinker_cement_ratio
(ttot, all_regi)
clinker content per unit cement used x
p37_demFeActual
(tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_in)
Total historic Fe demand consumed for production of a UE x
p37_demFeRatio
(tall, all_regi, all_in)
Ratio of historic Fe demand and Fe demand calculated from historic production and BAT specific demand x
p37_demFeTarget
(tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_in)
Total Fe demand that would be have been consumed historically for production of a UE if all tech had BAT efficiency x
p37_energy_limit_def
(ttot, ext_regi, all_in)
input data for calculating p37_energy_limit_slope x
p37_energy_limit_slope
(tall, all_regi, all_in)
limit for subsector specific energy demand that converges towards the thermodynamic/technical limit \(GJ/t product\) x
p37_industry_quantity_targets
(ttot, all_regi, all_in)
quantity targets for industry in policy scenarios x
p37_mat2ue
(all_enty, all_in)
Contribution of process output to ue in CES tree; Trivial if just one material per UE, as in steel \(Gt/Gt\) x
p37_matFlowHist
(tall, all_regi, all_enty)
Historic material flows x
p37_priceMat
(all_enty)
Prices of external material input [US$/kg] = \(trn\$US/Gt\) x
p37_regionalWasteIncinerationCCSMaxShare
(ttot, all_regi)
upper bound on regional proportion of waste incineration that is captured \(\%\) x
p37_selfCaptureRate
(all_te)
Share of emissions from fossil fuels used for a CCS process which are captured by the CCS process itself x
p37_specFeDemTarget
(all_enty, all_te, opmoPrc)
Best available technology (will be reached in convergence year) \(TWa/Gt_output\) x
p37_specMatDem
(mat, all_te, opmoPrc)
Specific materials demand of a production technology and operation mode \(t_input/t_output\) x
p37_steel_secondary_max_share
(tall, all_regi)
maximum share of secondary steel production x
p37_steel_secondary_max_share_scenario
(tall, all_regi)
scenario limits on share of secondary steel production x
p37_steel_secondary_share
(tall, all_regi)
endogenous values to fix rounding issues with p37_steel_secondary_max_share x
p37_teMatShareHist
(all_te, opmoPrc, mat)
Share that a tePrc/opmoPrc historically contibrutes to production of a matFin x
p37_ue_share
(all_enty, all_in)
Fixed share of material in ue x
p37_wasteIncinerationCCSMaxShare
(ttot, ext_regi)
switch values for proportion of waste incineration that is captured \(\%\) x
q37_FeedstocksCarbon
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
calculate carbon contained in feedstocks \(GtC\) x
q37_IndCCS
(ttot, all_regi, emiInd37)
limit industry emissions abatement x
q37_IndCCSCost Calculate industry CCS costs x
q37_cementCCS
(ttot, all_regi)
link cement fuel and process abatement x
q37_chemicals_feedstocks_limit
(ttot, all_regi)
lower bound on feso/feli/fega in chemicals FE input for feedstocks x
q37_costCESmarkup
(ttot, all_regi, all_in)
calculation of additional CES markup cost to represent demand-side technology cost of end-use transformation, for example, cost of heat pumps etc. x
q37_costMat
(tall, all_regi)
External material cost (non-energy) x
q37_demFeFeedstockChemIndst
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
defines energy flow of non-energy feedstocks for the chemicals industry. It is used for emissions accounting x
q37_demFeIndst
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
industry final energy demand (per emission market) x
q37_demMatPrc
(tall, all_regi, mat)
Material demand of processes x
q37_emiCCPrc
(tall, all_regi, emiInd37)
Captured emissions from CCS x
q37_emiChemicalsProcess
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
calculate chemicals process emissions x
q37_emiFeedstockNoEnergy
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
calculate total emissions from feedstocks that are not accounted as energy-related emissions x
q37_emiIndBase
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, secInd37)
gross industry emissions before CCS x
q37_emiIndCCSmax
(ttot, all_regi, emiInd37)
maximum abatable industry emissions at current CO2 price x
q37_emiNonFosNonIncineratedPlastics
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
calculate negative emissions from non-fossil non-incinerated plastics x
q37_emiNonPlasticWaste
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
calculate emissions from non-plastic waste x
q37_emiPrc
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_te, opmoPrc)
Local industry emissions pre-capture; Only used as baseline for CCS \(GtC/a\) x
q37_energy_limits
(ttot, all_regi, all_in)
thermodynamic/technical limit of energy use x
q37_feedstocksShares
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
identical fossil/biomass/synfuel shares for FE and feedstocks x
q37_incineratedPlastics
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
calculate carbon contained in plastics that are incinerated \(GtC\) x
q37_incinerationCCS
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
calculate carbon captured from plastics that are incinerated \(GtC\) x
q37_incinerationEmi
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
calculate carbon contained in plastics that are incinerated \(GtC\) x
q37_limitBioSolidsIndst
(tall, all_regi, all_enty)
Upper limit on biosolids share x
q37_limitCapMat
(tall, all_regi, all_te)
Material-flow conversion is limited by capacities x
q37_limitCapMatHist
(tall, all_regi, all_te)
Material-flow conversion is limited by capacities (historical) x
q37_limitOutflowCCPrc
(tall, all_regi, all_te)
Carbon capture processes can only capture as much co2 as the base process emits x
q37_limit_IndCCS_growth
(ttot, all_regi, emiInd37)
limit industry CCS scale-up x
q37_limit_secondary_steel_share
(ttot, all_regi)
no more than 90% of steel from seconday production x
q37_mat2ue
(tall, all_regi, mat, all_in)
Connect materials production to ue ces tree nodes x
q37_nonFosNonPlasticNonEmitted
(ttot, all_regi)
calculate non-fossil carbon in non-plastic materials that are landfilled \(GtC\) x
q37_nonFosPlastic_incinCC
(ttot, all_regi, all_emiMkt)
calculate non-fossil carbon captured from plastics that are incinerated \(GtC\) x
q37_plasticWaste
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
calculate carbon contained in plastic waste \(GtC\) x
q37_plasticsCarbon
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
calculate carbon contained in plastics \(GtC\) x
q37_prodMat
(tall, all_regi, mat)
Production volume of processes equals material flow of output material x
q37_wasteIncinerationEmiBalance
(tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
sum feedstocks incineration emissions up in order not to clutter the core x
s37_clinker_process_CO2 CO2 emissions per unit of clinker production x
s37_plasticsShare share of carbon cointained in feedstocks for the chemicals subsector that goes to plastics x
s37_shareHistFeDemPenalty Share of the addiotional historic specific FE demand compared with BAT which is applied to non-historic tech x
v37_emiChemicalsProcess
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
Chemical process emissions, so far only CO2 emissions \(GtC\) x
v37_emiIndCCSmax
(ttot, all_regi, emiInd37)
maximum abatable industry emissions x
v37_emiNonPlasticWaste
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
Emissions from non-plastic waste, so far only CO2 emissions \(GtC\) x
v37_emiPrc
(tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_te, opmoPrc)
Emissions per process and operation mode \(GtC/a\) x
v37_feedstocksCarbon
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
Carbon flow: carbon contained in chemical feedstocks \(GtC\) x
v37_incineratedPlastics
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
Carbon flow: carbon contained in plastics that are incinerated \(GtC\) x
v37_incinerationEmi
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
Emissions from incineration of plastic waste, only carbon that is not captured \(GtC\) x
v37_matFlow
(tall, all_regi, all_enty)
Production of materials \(Gt/a\) x
v37_plasticWaste
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
Carbon flow: carbon contained in plastic waste \(GtC\) x
v37_plasticsCarbon
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_emiMkt)
Carbon flow: carbon contained in plastics \(GtC\) x
v37_regionalWasteIncinerationCCSshare
(tall, all_regi)
Share of waste incineration that is captured \(\%\) x
v37_shSolidsIndst
(tall, all_regi)
upper share on biosolids x
v37_shareWithCC
(tall, all_regi, all_te, opmoPrc)
Share of process and operation mode equipped with carbon capture technology x

Sets

sets in use
  description
all_GDPpopScen all possible GDP scenarios
all_emiMkt emission markets
all_enty all types of quantities
all_in all inputs and outputs of the CES function
all_regi all regions
all_te all energy technologies, including from modules
cal_ppf_industry_dyn37(all_in) primary production factors for calibration - industry
cesOut2cesIn(all_in, all_in) CES tree structure
cesParameter parameters of the CES functions and for calibration
ces_eff_target_dyn37(all_in, all_in) limits to specific total energy use
ces_industry_dyn37(all_in, all_in) CES tree structure - industry
eff_scale_par parameters for scaling certain efficiencies during calibration
emi(all_enty) types of emissions, these emissions are given to the climate module
emiInd37(all_enty) industry emissions
emiInd37_fe2sec(all_enty, secInd37) FE and industry combinations that have emissions
emiInd37_fuel(all_enty) industry emissions from fuel combustion
emiMac2mac(all_enty, all_enty) mapping of emission sources to MACs - caution: not all MACs exist, in that case they are zero
emiMacSector(all_enty) types of climate-relevant non-energy emissions with mac curve. Emissions in this set HAVE to be in emiMac2mac as well - if no MAC is available it will be set to zero automatically.
emiTe(all_enty) types of climate-relevant energy emissions for climate coupling and reporting
emi_sectors comprehensive sector set used for more detailed emissions accounting (REMIND-EU) and for CH4 tier 1 scaling - potentially to be integrated with similar set all_exogEmi
energy_limits37(all_in, all_in) thermodynamic limit of energy
enty(all_enty) all types of quantities
entyFE2sector2emiMkt_NonEn(all_enty, emi_sectors, all_emiMkt) combinations of FE type, sector and emissions markets existing for FE non-energy use
entyFe(all_enty) final energy types.
entyFe2Sector(all_enty, emi_sectors) final energy (stationary and transportation) mapping to sectors (industry, buildings, transportation and cdr)
entyFeCC37(all_enty) FE carriers in industry which can be used for CO2 capture
entyFeStat(all_enty) final energy types from stationary sector
entySE_emiFac_feedstocks(all_enty, all_enty) SE type of emissions factor that should be used to calculate carbon contained in feedstocks
entySe(all_enty) secondary energy types
entySeBio(all_enty) biomass secondary energy types
entySeFos(all_enty) secondary energy types from fossil primary energy
entySeSyn(all_enty) synfuel secondary energy types
exogDemScen exogenuous FE and ES demand scenarios that can be activated by cm_exogDem_scen
ext_regi extended regions list (includes subsets of H12 regions)
fe2mat(all_enty, all_enty, all_te) Set of industry technologies to be included in en2en, which connects capex and opex to budget
fe2ppfEn(all_enty, all_in) mapping between CES FE variables and ESM FE variables
fe2ppfEn37(all_enty, all_in) match ESM entyFe to ppfen
fe2ppfen_no_ces_use(all_enty, all_in) Match ESM entyFe to ppfen that are not used in the CES tree, but for datainput for process-bases industry
in(all_in) All inputs and outputs of the CES function
in_chemicals_feedstock_37(all_in) chemicals FE that can provide feedstocks
in_industry_dyn37(all_in) all inputs and outputs of the CES function - industry
industry_ue_calibration_target_dyn37(all_in) target values of industry calibration
ipf_industry_dyn37(all_in) intermediate production factors - industry
macInd37(all_enty) industry CCS MACs
mat(all_enty) Materials considered in process-based model; Can be input and/or output of a process
mat2ue(mat, all_in) Mapping of materials (final route products) onto the UE ces tree node the model is connected to
matFin(mat) Final products of a process-based production route
matIn(all_enty) Materials which serve as input to a process
matOut(all_enty) Materials which serve as output of a process
opmoPrc Operation modes for technologies in process-based model
pf_eff_target_dyn29(all_in) production factors with efficiency target
pf_eff_target_dyn37(all_in) production factors with efficiency target
pf_industry_relaxed_bounds_dyn37(all_in) production factors with progressively relaxed bounds during the calibration
pf_quan_target_dyn29(all_in) production factors with quantity target
pf_quan_target_dyn37(all_in) production factors with quantity target
pf_quantity_shares_37(all_in, all_in) quantities for the calibration defined as a percentage of another pf
ppfEn(all_in) Primary production factors energy
ppfKap(all_in) Primary production factors capital
ppfKap_industry_dyn37(all_in) energy efficiency capital of industry
ppfUePrc(all_in) Ue CES tree nodes connected to process based implementation, which therefore become primary production factors (ppf)
ppf_industry_dyn37(all_in) primary production factors - industry
ppfen_CESMkup(all_in) production factors of CES function to which CES markup cost can be applied
ppfen_MkupCost37(all_in) primary production factors in industry on which CES mark-up cost can be levied that are counted as expenses in the macroeconomic budget equation
ppfen_industry_dyn37(all_in) primary production factors energy - industry
ppfen_no_ces_use(all_in) FE nodes of all_in that are not part of the CES tree in the process-based industry model; Needed for pm_fedemandInd data input
regi(all_regi) all regions used in the solution process
regi_dyn29(all_regi) dynamic region set for compatibility with testOneRegi
regi_fxDem37(ext_regi) regions under which we fix UE demand to baseline demand
regi_group(ext_regi, all_regi) region groups (regions that together corresponds to a H12 region)
regi_groupExt(ext_regi, all_regi) extended region group mapping. Mapping model regions that belong to region group, including one to one region mapping
rlf cost levels of fossil fuels
route(all_te) Process routes; Currently only used for reporting
se2fe(all_enty, all_enty, all_te) map secondary energy to end-use energy using a technology
secInd37 industry sub-sectors
secInd37Prc(secInd37) Sub-sectors with process-based modeling
secInd37_2_emiInd37(secInd37, emiInd37) link industry sub-sectors to sector emissions
secInd37_2_pf(secInd37, all_in) link industry sub-sectors to energy to production factors
secInd37_emiMkt(secInd37, all_emiMkt) industry and emission market mapping
secInd37_tePrc(secInd37, tePrc) Mapping of technologies onto industry subsectors
sefe(all_enty, all_enty) map secondary energy to final energy
steps iterator for MAC steps
t(ttot) optimisation time, years between cm_startyear and 2150 with 5 to 20 years time steps
tall time index, each year from 1900 to 3000
te(all_te) energy technologies
teCCPrc(tePrc) Technologies used in process-based model (only CCS)
teMat2rlf(all_te, rlf) mapping for material production technologies to grades
tePrc(all_te) Technologies used in process-based model (including CCS)
tePrc2matIn(tePrc, opmoPrc, mat) Mapping of technologies onto input materials
tePrc2matOut(tePrc, opmoPrc, mat) Mapping of industry process technologies onto their output materials
tePrc2opmoPrc(tePrc, opmoPrc) Mapping of technologies onto available operation modes
tePrc2route(tePrc, opmoPrc, route) Mapping of technologies onto the production routes they belong to
tePrc2teCCPrc(tePrc, opmoPrc, tePrc, opmoPrc) Mapping of base technologies to CCS technologies
tePrc2ue(tePrc, opmoPrc, all_in) Mapping of industry process technologies to the UE ces nodes they directly or indirectly feed into
ttot(tall) time index with spin-up, years between 1900 and 2150 with 5 to 20 years time steps
ue2ppfenPrc(all_in, all_in) correspondant to ces_eff_target_dyn37, but for use in process-based context, i.e. contained subsectors are complements
ue_industry_2_pf(all_in, all_in) link industry sub-sectors activity to pf
ue_industry_dyn37(all_in) industry production in physical or monetary values

Authors

Michaja Pehl

See Also

01_macro, 05_initialCap, 21_tax, 24_trade, 29_CES_parameters, 47_regipol, core

References