The 32_power module determines the operation production decisions for the electricity supply.
The IntC realization (Integrated Costs) assumes a single
electricity market balance.
Interface plot missing!
| Description | Unit | A | |
|---|---|---|---|
| cm_flex_tax | switch for enabling flexibility tax | x | |
| cm_FlexTaxFeedback | switch deciding whether flexibility tax feedback on buildings and industry electricity prices is on | x | |
| cm_VRE_supply_assumptions | default (0), optimistic (1), sombre (2), or bleak (3) assumptions on VRE supply | x | |
| pm_cf (tall, all_regi, all_te) |
Installed capacity availability - capacity factor (fraction of the year that a plant is running) | x | |
| pm_data (all_regi, char, all_te) |
Large array for most technical parameters of technologies; more detail on the individual technical parameters can be found in the declaration of the set ‘char’ | x | |
| pm_dataren (all_regi, char, rlf, all_te) |
Array including both regional renewable potential and capacity factor | x | |
| pm_eta_conv (tall, all_regi, all_te) |
Time-dependent eta for technologies that do not have explicit time-dependant etas, still eta converges until 2050 to dataglob_values. | \(efficiency (0..1)\) | x |
| pm_fuExtrOwnCons (all_regi, all_enty, all_enty) |
energy own consumption in the extraction sector with first enty being the output produced and the second enty being the input required | x | |
| pm_IO_input (all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_te) |
Energy input based on IEA data | x | |
| pm_prodCouple (all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_te, all_enty) |
own consumption | x | |
| pm_SEPrice (ttot, all_regi, all_enty) |
parameter to capture all SE prices | \(tr\$2005/TWa\) | x |
| qm_budget (ttot, all_regi) |
Budget balance | x | |
| sm_eps | small number: 1e-9 | x | |
| vm_cap (tall, all_regi, all_te, rlf) |
net total capacities | x | |
| vm_capFac (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
capacity factor of conversion technologies | x | |
| vm_co2CCS (ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_te, rlf) |
all different ccs. | \(GtC/a\) | x |
| vm_demSe (ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_te) |
se demand. | \(TWa\) | x |
| vm_flexAdj (tall, all_regi, all_te) |
flexibility adjustment used for flexibility subsidy (tax) to emulate price changes of technologies which see lower-than-average (higher-than-average) elec. prices | \(trUSD/TWa\) | x |
| vm_fuExtr (ttot, all_regi, all_enty, rlf) |
fuel use | \(TWa\) | x |
| vm_Mport (tall, all_regi, all_enty) |
Import of traded commodity. | x | |
| vm_prodFe (ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_te) |
fe production. | \(TWa\) | x |
| vm_prodSe (tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_te) |
se production. | \(TWa\) | x |
| vm_usableSe (ttot, all_regi, entySe) |
usable se before se2se and MP/XP (pe2se, +positive oc from pe2se, -storage losses). | \(TWa\) | x |
| vm_usableSeTe (ttot, all_regi, entySe, all_te) |
usable se produced by one te (pe2se, +positive oc from pe2se, -storage losses). | \(TWa\) | x |
| vm_Xport (tall, all_regi, all_enty) |
Export of traded commodity. | x |
| Description | Unit | |
|---|---|---|
| vm_shDemSeel (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
Share of electricity demand per technology in total electricity demand | |
| vm_shSeEl (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
new share of electricity production in % | \(\%\) |
The IntC realization (Integrated Costs) assumes a single
electricity market balance.
This module determines power system supply specific technology behavior, which sums up to the general core capacity equations to define the power sector operation and investment decisions.
Contrary to other secondary energy types in REMIND, this requires to move the electricity secondary energy balance (supply = demand) from the core to the module code.
In summary, the specific power technology equations found in this module reflect the points below.
Storage requirements are based on intermittent renewables share, synergies between different renewables production profiles and curtailment.
Additional grid capacities are calculated for high intermittent renewable capacity (solar and wind) and regional spatial differences.
Combined heat and power technologies flexibility is limited to technology and spatial observed data.
Operation reserve requirements are enforced to provide enough flexibility to the power system frequency regulation.
Hydrogen can be used to reduce renewable power curtailment and provide flexibility to the system future generation.
Balance equation for electricity secondary energy type:
\[\begin{multline*} \sum_{pe2se(enty,enty2,te)} vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,enty2,te) + \sum_{se2se(enty,enty2,te)} vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,enty2,te) + \sum_{pc2te\left(enty,entySe(enty3),te,enty2\right)}\left( pm\_prodCouple(regi,enty,enty3,te,enty2) \cdot vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,enty3,te) \right) + \sum_{pc2te\left(enty4,entyFe(enty5),te,enty2\right)}\left( pm\_prodCouple(regi,enty4,enty5,te,enty2) \cdot vm\_prodFe(t,regi,enty4,enty5,te) \right) + \sum_{pc2te(enty,enty3,te,enty2)}\left( \sum_{teCCS2rlf(te,rlf)}\left( pm\_prodCouple(regi,enty,enty3,te,enty2) \cdot vm\_co2CCS(t,regi,enty,enty3,te,rlf) \right) \right) + vm\_Mport(t,regi,enty2) = \sum_{se2fe(enty2,enty3,te)} vm\_demSe(t,regi,enty2,enty3,te) + \sum_{se2se(enty2,enty3,te)} vm\_demSe(t,regi,enty2,enty3,te) + \sum_{teVRE} v32\_storloss(t,regi,teVRE) + \sum_{pe2rlf(enty3,rlf2)}\left( \left(pm\_fuExtrOwnCons\left(regi, enty2, enty3\right) \cdot vm\_fuExtr(t,regi,enty3,rlf2)\right)\$\left(pm\_fuExtrOwnCons\left(regi, enty2, enty3\right) gt 0\right)\right)\$\left(t.val > 2005\right) + vm\_Xport(t,regi,enty2) \end{multline*}\]
This equation calculates the total usable output from all seel-producing technology after deducting storage losses
\[\begin{multline*} vm\_usableSe(t,regi,entySe) = \sum_{pe2se(enty,entySe,te)} vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,entySe,te) + \sum_{se2se(enty,entySe,te)} vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,entySe,te) + \sum_{pc2te\left(entyPe,entySe(enty3),te,entySe\right)\$\left(pm\_prodCouple(regi,entyPe,enty3,te,entySe) gt 0\right)}\left( pm\_prodCouple(regi,entyPe,enty3,te,entySe) \cdot vm\_prodSe(t,regi,entyPe,enty3,te) \right) - \sum_{teVRE} v32\_storloss(t,regi,teVRE) \end{multline*}\]
This equation calculates the total usable output from a seel-producing technology, meaning “after storage losses”
\[\begin{multline*} vm\_usableSeTe(t,regi,entySe,te) = \sum_{pe2se(enty,entySe,te)} vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,entySe,te) + \sum_{se2se(enty,entySe,te)} vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,entySe,te) + \sum_{pc2te\left(enty,entySe(enty3),te,entySe\right)\$\left(pm\_prodCouple(regi,enty,enty3,te,entySe) gt 0\right)}\left( pm\_prodCouple(regi,enty,enty3,te,entySe) \cdot vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,enty3,te) \right) - \sum_{teVRE\$sameas(te,teVRE)} v32\_storloss(t,regi,teVRE) \end{multline*}\]
Definition of capacity constraints for storage: This equation calculates the storage capacity for each teStor that needs to be installed based on the amount of v32_storloss that is calculated below in q32_storloss. Multiplying v32_storloss with “eta/(1-eta)” yields the total output of a storage technology; this output has to be smaller than cap * capfac.
\[\begin{multline*} \left( 0.5\$\left( cm\_VRE\_supply\_assumptions eq 1 \right) + 1\$\left( cm\_VRE\_supply\_assumptions ne 1 \right) \right) \cdot \sum_{VRE2teStor(teVRE,teStor)} v32\_storloss(t,regi,teVRE) \cdot \frac{ pm\_eta\_conv(t,regi,teStor) }{ \left(1 - pm\_eta\_conv(t,regi,teStor)\right) } \leq \sum_{te2rlf(teStor,rlf)}\left( vm\_capFac(t,regi,teStor) \cdot vm\_cap(t,regi,teStor,rlf) \right) \end{multline*}\]
Require a certain capacity of either hydrogen or gas turbines as peaking backup capacity. The driver is the teStor capacity, which in turn is determined by v32_storloss
\[\begin{multline*} vm\_cap(t,regi,"h2turbVRE","1") + vm\_cap(t,regi,"ngt","1") \geq \sum_{teStor}\left( p32\_storageCap(teStor,"h2turbVREcapratio") \cdot vm\_cap(t,regi,teStor,"1") \right) \end{multline*}\]
\[\begin{multline*} vm\_cap(t,regi,"h2turbVRE","1") \leq \sum_{teStor}\left( p32\_storageCap(teStor,"h2turbVREcapratio") \cdot vm\_cap(t,regi,teStor,"1") \right) \end{multline*}\]
\[\begin{multline*} vm\_cap(t,regi,"elh2","1") \geq \sum_{teStor}\left( p32\_storageCap(teStor,"elh2VREcapratio") \cdot vm\_cap(t,regi,teStor,"1") \right) \cdot p32\_phaseInElh2VREcap(t) \end{multline*}\]
Definition of capacity constraints for CHP technologies:
\[\begin{multline*} \sum_{pe2se\left(enty,"seel",teChp(te)\right)} vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,"seel",te) \leq p32\_shCHP(t,regi) \cdot \sum_{pe2se(enty,"seel",te)} vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,"seel",te) \end{multline*}\]
Calculation of necessary grid installations for centralized renewables: Additional grid expansion to integrate VRE are driven linearly by VRE output
\[\begin{multline*} \frac{ vm\_cap(t,regi,"gridwindon",'1') }{ p32\_grid\_factor(regi) } \geq vm\_prodSe(t,regi,"pesol","seel","spv") + vm\_prodSe(t,regi,"pesol","seel","csp") + 1.5 \cdot vm\_prodSe(t,regi,"pewin","seel","windon") + 3 \cdot vm\_prodSe(t,regi,"pewin","seel","windoff") \end{multline*}\]
Calculation of share of electricity production of a technology:
\[\begin{multline*} \frac{ vm\_shSeEl(t,regi,teVRE) }{ 100 } \cdot vm\_usableSe(t,regi,"seel") = vm\_usableSeTe(t,regi,"seel",teVRE) \end{multline*}\]
Calculation of necessary storage electricity production: v32_shStor is an aggregated measure for the SPECIFIC (= per kWh) integration challenge of one teVRE. It currently increases linearly in VRE share as p32_storexp is set to 1 For solar technologies that have a very strong temporal mathching (PV, CSP), the share of the other technology also increases integration challenges by a reduced factor.
\[\begin{multline*} v32\_shStor(t,regi,teVRE) \geq p32\_factorStorage(regi,teVRE) \cdot 100 \cdot \left( \left( 1.e-10 +\frac{ \left( vm\_shSeEl(t,regi,teVRE) +\frac{ \sum_{VRE2teVRElinked(teVRE,teVRE2)} vm\_shSeEl(t,regi,teVRE2) }{ s32\_storlink }\right) }{ 100 }\right) ^{ p32\_storexp(regi,teVRE) }- \left(1.e-10 ^{ p32\_storexp(regi,teVRE) }\right) - 0.07 \right) \end{multline*}\]
v32_storloss is both the energy that is lost due to curtailment and storage losses, and at the same time the main indicator of ABSOLUTE integration challenges, as it drives storage investments and thus the additional costs seen by VRE. It depends linearly on the usableSE output from this VRE, and linearly on the SPECIFIC integration challenges, which in turn are mainly the adjusted share of the technology itself (v32_shSTor), but also increase when the total VRE share increases beyond a (time-dependent) threshold. The term “(1-eta)/eta” is equal to the ratio “losses of a teStor” to “output of a teStor”. An example: If the specific integration challenges (v32_shStor + p32_Fact * v32_shAddInt) of eg. PV would reach 100%, then ALL the usable output of PV would have to be “stabilized” by going through storsp, so the total storage losses & curtailment would exactly represent the (1-eta) values of storspv. When the specific integration challenge term () is below 100%, the required storage and resulting losses are scaled down accordingly.
\[\begin{multline*} v32\_storloss(t,regi,teVRE) = \frac{ \left( v32\_shStor(t,regi,teVRE) + p32\_FactorAddIntCostTotVRE \cdot v32\_shAddIntCostTotVRE(t,regi) \right) }{ 100 } \cdot \sum_{VRE2teStor(teVRE,teStor)}\left(\frac{ \left(1 - pm\_eta\_conv(t,regi,teStor) \right) }{ pm\_eta\_conv(t,regi,teStor) }\right) \cdot vm\_usableSeTe(t,regi,"seel",teVRE) \end{multline*}\]
\[\begin{multline*} v32\_TotVREshare(t,regi) = \sum_{teVRE}\left( vm\_shSeEl(t,regi,teVRE) \right) \end{multline*}\]
Calculate additional integration costs if total VRE share is above a certain threshold. A system with only 40% VRE will be less challenged to handle 30% PV than a system with 70% VRE, because you have less thermal plants that can act as backup and provide inertia. This threshold increases over time to represent that network operators learn about managing high-VRE systems, and that technologies such as grid-stabilizing VRE and batteries become widespread.
\[\begin{multline*} v32\_shAddIntCostTotVRE(t,regi) \geq v32\_TotVREshare(t,regi) - p32\_shThresholdTotVREAddIntCost(t) - 0.5 \cdot vm\_shSeEl(t,regi,"windoff") \end{multline*}\]
Operating reserve constraint
\[\begin{multline*} vm\_usableSe(t,regi,"seel") \leq \sum_{pe2se(enty,"seel",te)\$\left(NOT teVRE(te)\right)}\left( pm\_data(regi,"flexibility",te) \cdot vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,"seel",te) \right) + \sum_{se2se(enty,"seel",te)\$\left(NOT teVRE(te)\right)}\left( pm\_data(regi,"flexibility",te) \cdot vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,"seel",te) \right) + \sum_{pe2se(enty,"seel",teVRE)}\left( pm\_data(regi,"flexibility",teVRE) \cdot \left(vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,"seel",teVRE)-v32\_storloss(t,regi,teVRE)\right) \right) + \sum_{pe2se(enty,"seel",teVRE)}\left( \sum_{VRE2teStor(teVRE,teStor)}\left( pm\_data(regi,"flexibility",teStor) \cdot \left(vm\_prodSe(t,regi,enty,"seel",teVRE)-v32\_storloss(t,regi,teVRE)\right) \right) \right) \end{multline*}\]
calculate flexibility adjustment used in flexibility tax for technologies with electricity input
\[\begin{multline*} v32\_flexPriceShareMin(t,regi,te) \cdot 4 \cdot vm\_capFac(t,regi,te) = p32\_PriceDurSlope(regi,te) \cdot \left(\power\left(vm\_capFac(t,regi,te) - 0.5,4\right) - 0.5^{4}\right) + 4 \cdot vm\_capFac(t,regi,te) \end{multline*}\]
\[\begin{multline*} v32\_flexPriceShareVRE(t,regi,te) = 1 - \left( \left( 1-v32\_flexPriceShareMin(t,regi,te) \right) \cdot \frac{ \sum_{teVRE} vm\_shSeEl(t,regi,teVRE)}{100 }\right) \end{multline*}\]
\[\begin{multline*} vm\_shDemSeel(t,regi,te) \cdot \sum_{en2en(enty,enty2,te2)\$sameas(enty,"seel")}\left( vm\_demSe(t,regi,enty,enty2,te2)\right) = \sum_{en2en(enty,enty2,te)\$sameas(enty,"seel")}\left( vm\_demSe(t,regi,enty,enty2,te)\right) \end{multline*}\]
\[\begin{multline*} v32\_flexPriceShare(t,regi,te) = v32\_flexPriceShareVRE(t,regi,te) + p32\_flexSeelShare\_slope(t,regi,te) \cdot vm\_shDemSeel(t,regi,te) \end{multline*}\]
\[\begin{multline*} \sum_{en2en(enty,enty2,te)\$teFlexTax(te)}\left( vm\_demSe(t,regi,enty,enty2,te)\right) = \sum_{en2en(enty,enty2,te)\$teFlexTax(te)}\left( vm\_demSe(t,regi,enty,enty2,te) \cdot v32\_flexPriceShare(t,regi,te)\right) \end{multline*}\]
\[\begin{multline*} vm\_flexAdj(t,regi,te) = \left( \left(1 - v32\_flexPriceShare(t,regi,te)\right) \cdot max\left(0, min\left(2, pm\_SEPrice(t,regi,"seel")\right)\right) \right)\$\left( cm\_flex\_tax eq 1 \& t.val ge 2025 \right) \end{multline*}\]
Limitations There are no known limitations.
| Description | Unit | A | |
|---|---|---|---|
| f32_cm_PriceDurSlope_elh2 (ext_regi) |
slope of price duration curve for electrolysis | \(#\) | x |
| f32_factorStorage (all_regi, all_te) |
multiplicative factor that scales total curtailment and storage requirements up or down in different regions for different technologies (e.g. down for PV in regions where high solar radiation coincides with high electricity demand) | x | |
| f32_shCHP (ttot, all_regi) |
upper boundary of chp electricity generation | x | |
| f32_storageCap (char, all_te) |
multiplicative factor between dummy seel<–>h2 technologies and storXXX technologies | x | |
| o32_dispatchDownPe2se (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
output parameter to check by how much a pe2se te reduced its output below the normal, in % of the normal output. | x | |
| p32_FactorAddIntCostTotVRE | Multiplicative factor that influences how much the total VRE share increases integration challenges | x | |
| p32_factorStorage (all_regi, all_te) |
multiplicative factor that scales total curtailment and storage requirements up or down in different regions for different technologies (e.g. down for PV in regions where high solar radiation coincides with high electricity demand) | x | |
| p32_flexSeelShare_slope (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
Slope of relationship between average electricity price for flexible technology and share of this technology in total electricity demand. Unit: [ % percentage of average electricity price / % share in electricity demand]. | x | |
| p32_grid_factor (all_regi) |
multiplicative factor that scales total grid requirements down in comparatively small or homogeneous regions like Japan, Europe or India | x | |
| p32_gridexp (all_regi, all_te) |
exponent that determines how grid requirement per kW increases with market share of wind and solar. 1 means specific marginal costs increase linearly | x | |
| p32_phaseInElh2VREcap (ttot) |
phase-in factor for electrolysis capacities built from stored VRE electricity, scale up from 2030 to 2040 | x | |
| p32_PriceDurSlope (all_regi, all_te) |
slope of price duration curve used for calculation of electricity price for flexible technologies, determines how fast electricity price declines at lower capacity factors | x | |
| p32_shCHP (ttot, all_regi) |
upper boundary of chp electricity generation | x | |
| p32_shThresholdTotVREAddIntCost (ttot) |
Total VRE share threshold above which additional integration challenges arise. Increases with time as eg in 2030, there is still little experience with managing systems with 80% VRE share. Unit: Percent | x | |
| p32_storageCap (all_te, char) |
multiplicative factor between dummy seel<–>h2 technologies and storXXX technologies | x | |
| p32_storexp (all_regi, all_te) |
exponent that determines how curtailment and storage requirements per kW increase with market share of wind and solar. 1 means specific marginal costs increase linearly | x | |
| q32_balSe (ttot, all_regi, all_enty) |
balance equation for electricity secondary energy | x | |
| q32_elh2VREcapfromTestor (tall, all_regi) |
calculate capacities of dummy seel–>h2 technology from storXXX technologies | x | |
| q32_flexAdj (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
calculate flexibility benefit or cost per flexible technology to be used by flexibility tax | x | |
| q32_flexPriceBalance (ttot, all_regi) |
constraint such that flexible electricity prices balanance to average electricity price | x | |
| q32_flexPriceShare (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
calculate share of average electricity price that flexible technologies see given a certain VRE share and share of electrolysis in total electricity demand | x | |
| q32_flexPriceShareMin (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
calculate miniumum share of average electricity that flexible technologies can see | x | |
| q32_flexPriceShareVRE (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
calculate miniumum share of average electricity that flexible technologies can see given the current VRE share | x | |
| q32_h2turbVREcapfromTestor (tall, all_regi) |
calculate capacities of dummy seel<–h2 technology from storXXX technologies | x | |
| q32_h2turbVREcapfromTestorUp (ttot, all_regi) |
constraint h2turbVRE hydrogen turbines to be only built together with storage capacities | x | |
| q32_limitCapTeChp (ttot, all_regi) |
capacitiy constraint for chp electricity generation | x | |
| q32_limitCapTeGrid (ttot, all_regi) |
calculate the additional grid capacity required by VRE | x | |
| q32_limitCapTeStor (ttot, all_regi, teStor) |
calculate the storage capacity required by vm_storloss | x | |
| q32_operatingReserve (ttot, all_regi) |
operating reserve for necessary flexibility | x | |
| q32_shAddIntCostTotVRE (ttot, all_regi) |
calculate how much total VRE share is above threshold value | x | |
| q32_shDemSeel (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
calculate share of electricity demand per technology in total electricity demand | x | |
| q32_shSeEl (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
calculate share of electricity production of a technology (vm_shSeEl) | x | |
| q32_shStor (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
equation to calculate v32_shStor | x | |
| q32_storloss (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
equation to calculate vm_storloss, and - as vm_storloss determines the storage capacity - also the general integration challenges | x | |
| q32_TotVREshare (ttot, all_regi) |
calculate total VRE share | x | |
| q32_usableSe (ttot, all_regi, all_enty) |
calculate usable se before se2se and MP/XP (without storage) | x | |
| q32_usableSeTe (ttot, all_regi, entySe, all_te) |
calculate usable se produced by one technology (vm_usableSeTe) | x | |
| s32_storlink | how strong is the influence of two similar renewable energies on each other’s storage requirements (1= complete, 4= rather small) | x | |
| v32_flexPriceShare (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
share of average electricity price that flexible technologies see | \(share: 0...1\) | x |
| v32_flexPriceShareMin (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
possible minimum of share of average electricity price that flexible technologies see | \(share: 0...1\) | x |
| v32_flexPriceShareVRE (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
possible minimum of share of average electricity price that flexible technologies see given the current VRE share | \(share: 0...1\) | x |
| v32_shAddIntCostTotVRE (ttot, all_regi) |
Variable containing how much the total VRE share is above the threshold - needed to calculate additional integation costs due to total VRE share. | x | |
| v32_shStor (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
share of seel production from a VRE te that needs to be stored based on this te’s share. Unit: ~Percent | x | |
| v32_storloss (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
total energy loss from storage for a given technology | \(TWa\) | x |
| v32_testdemSeShare (ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
test variable for tech share of SE electricity demand | x | |
| v32_TotVREshare (ttot, all_regi) |
Total VRE share as calculated by summing shSeEl. Unit: Percent | x |
| description | |
|---|---|
| all_enty | all types of quantities |
| all_regi | all regions |
| all_te | all energy technologies, including from modules |
| char | characteristics of technologies |
| en2en(all_enty, all_enty, all_te) | all energy conversion mappings |
| enty(all_enty) | all types of quantities |
| entyFe(all_enty) | final energy types. |
| entyPe(all_enty) | Primary energy types (PE) |
| entySe(all_enty) | secondary energy types |
| ext_regi | extended regions list (includes subsets of H12 regions) |
| in(all_in) | All inputs and outputs of the CES function |
| modules | all the available modules |
| pc2te(all_enty, all_enty, all_te, all_enty) | mapping for own consumption of technologies |
| pe2rlf(all_enty, rlf) | map exhaustible energy to grades for qm_fuel2pe |
| pe2se(all_enty, all_enty, all_te) | map primary energy carriers to secondary |
| regi_groupExt(ext_regi, all_regi) | extended region group mapping. Mapping model regions that belong to region group, including one to one region mapping |
| regi(all_regi) | all regions used in the solution process |
| rlf | cost levels of fossil fuels |
| se2fe(all_enty, all_enty, all_te) | map secondary energy to end-use energy using a technology |
| se2se(all_enty, all_enty, all_te) | map secondary energy to secondary energy using a technology |
| t(ttot) | optimisation time, years between cm_startyear and 2150 with 5 to 20 years time steps |
| tall | time index, each year from 1900 to 3000 |
| te(all_te) | energy technologies |
| te2rlf(all_te, rlf) | all technologies to grades |
| teCCS2rlf(all_te, rlf) | mapping for CCS technologies to grades |
| teChp(all_te) | Technologies that produce seel as main output und sehe as secondary output - dynamically defined |
| teFlex(all_te) | all technologies which can benefit from flexibility tax |
| teFlexTax(all_te) | all technologies to which flexibility tax/subsidy applies, flexible technologies are those in teFlex, inflexible technologies those which are not in teFlex |
| teSeTax(all_te) | all technologies which SE electricity demand tax |
| teStor(all_te) | storage technologies |
| teVRE(all_te) | technologies requiring storage |
| ttot(tall) | time index with spin-up, years between 1900 and 2150 with 5 to 20 years time steps |
| VRE2teStor(all_te, teStor) | mapping to know which technology uses which storage technology |
| VRE2teVRElinked(all_te, all_te) | mapping between the technologies requiring storage which use the same fluctutating source (so the shareseel counts half towards the other shareseel) |
Robert Pietzcker, Falko Ueckerdt, Renato Rodrigues, Chen Chris Gong
01_macro, 04_PE_FE_parameters, 21_tax, 24_trade, 47_regipol, core