Configuration (00_configuration)

Description

Configuration - Settings for Scenarios:

$setGlobal c_expname  default
$setGlobal c_description  REMIND run with default settings

MODULES

——————— 01_macro —————————————–

(singleSectorGr) neo-classical, single sector growth model

$setGlobal macro  singleSectorGr  !! def = singleSectorGr

——————— 02_welfare —————————————

(utilitarian) utilitarian aka. Benthamite social welfare function
(ineqLognormal) welfare function with subregional income distribution effects implemented with a lognormal approach

$setGlobal welfare  utilitarian  !! def = utilitarian

——————— 04_PE_FE_parameters ——————————

(iea2014): new PE-FE parameters based on IEA 2014

$setGlobal PE_FE_parameters  iea2014  !! def = iea2014

——————— 05_initialCap ————————————

(on): load existing CES parameters matching model configuration

$setGlobal initialCap  on             !! def = on

——————— 11_aerosols ————————————–

(exoGAINS):

$setGlobal aerosols  exoGAINS         !! def = exoGAINS

——————— 15_climate —————————————

(off): no climate coupling
(magicc7_ar6): MAGICC7 - iterative coupling of MAGICC7 simple climate model.

$setGlobal climate  off               !! def = off

——————— 16_downscaleTemperature ————————–

(off)
(CMIP5): downscale GMT to regional temperature based on CMIP5 data (between iterations, no runtime impact). [Requires climate = off, cm_rcp_scen = none, iterative_target_adj = 9] curved convergence of CO2 prices between regions until cm_taxCO2_regiDiff_endYr; developed countries have linear path through (cm_taxCO2_historicalYr, cm_taxCO2_historical) and (cm_startyear, cm_taxCO2_startyear);

$setGlobal downscaleTemperature  off  !! def = off

——————— 20_growth ——————————————

(exogenous): exogenous growth
(spillover): endogenous growth with spillover externality !!Warning: not yet calibrated!!

$setglobal growth  exogenous                !! def = exogenous

——————— 21_tax ——————————————

(on): tax mechanism active
(off): no tax mechanism

$setglobal tax  on           !! def = on

——————— 22_subsidizeLearning —————————–

(globallyOptimal): Only works with Nash, gives cooperative solution w.r.t. the learning spillover - this should then be equivalent to the Negishi solution.
(off): do not subsidize learning. Default setting for Negishi. With Nash, this gives the non-cooperative solution w.r.t. the learning spillover.

$setglobal subsidizeLearning  off           !! def = off

———————- 23_capitalMarket ——————————-

(imperfect): Imperfect capital market: brings initial consumption shares closer to empirical data
(debt_limit): Weak imperfection of capital market by debt and surplus growth limits

$setglobal capitalMarket  debt_limit           !! def = debt_limit

———————- 24_trade —————————————

(standard): macro-economic commodities and primary energy commodities trading
(se_trade): macro-economic commodities, primary energy commodities and secondary energy hydrogen and electricity trading
(capacity): capacity-based trade implementation

$setglobal trade  standard           !! def = standard

———————- 26_agCosts —————————————-

(off): agricultural costs zero, no trade taken into account
(costs): includes total landuse costs
(costs_trade): includes agricultural production costs and the MAgPIE trade balance

$setglobal agCosts  costs       !! def = costs

——————— 29_CES_parameters —————————-

(load): load existing CES parameters matching model configuration
(calibrate): calculate new CES parameters based on v_cesIO trajectories – under development!

$setglobal CES_parameters  load   !! def = load

——————— 30_biomass —————————————-

(magpie_40): using supply curves derived from MAgpIE 4.0

$setglobal biomass  magpie_40     !! def = magpie_40

——————— 31_fossil —————————————-

(timeDepGrades): time-dependent grade structure of fossil resources (oil & gas only)
(grades2poly) : simplified version of the time-dependent grade realization (using polynomial functions)
(exogenous) : exogenous fossil extraction and costs
(MOFEX) : contains the standalone version of MOFEX (Model Of Fossil EXtraction), which minimizes the discounted extraction and trade costs of fossils while balancing trade for each time step. Not to be run within a REMIND run but instead through the standalone architecture or soft-linked with REMIND (not yet implemented)

$setglobal fossil  grades2poly        !! def = grades2poly

——————— 32_power —————————————-

(IntC) : Power sector formulation with Integration Cost (IntC) markups and curtailment for VRE integration - linearly increasing with VRE share -, and fixed capacity factors for dispatchable power plants

$setglobal power  IntC        !! def = IntC

——————— 33_CDR —————————————-

(portfolio) : CDR options added via switches: cm_33[option abbreviation]

$setglobal CDR  portfolio        !! def = portfolio

——————— 35_transport —————————————-

(edge_esm): transport realization with iterative coupling to logit-based transport model EDGE-Transport with detailed representation of transport modes and technologies

$setglobal transport  edge_esm           !! def = edge_esm

——————— 36_buildings ———————————

(simple): representation of final energy demand via a CES function calibrated to EDGE-Buildings’ demand trajectories

$setglobal buildings  simple      !! def = simple

——————— 37_industry ———————————-

(fixed_shares): fixed shares of industry sub-sectors (cement, chemicals, steel, other) in industry FE use
(subsectors): models industry subsectors explicitly with individual CES nests for cement, chemicals, steel, and otherInd production.

$setglobal industry  subsectors   !! def = subsectors

——————— 39_CCU ———————————

(on): representation of technologies for producing synthetic liquids and synthetic gases based on hydrogen and captured carbon
(off): no representation of carbon caputre and utilization technologies.

$setglobal CCU  on      !! def = on

——————— 40_techpol —————————————-

(none): no technology policies
(lowCarbonPush): [works only with Negishi] global low-carbon push until 2030: PV, CSP, Wind, Gas-CCS, Bio-CCS and Electromobility
(coalPhaseout): [works only with Negishi] global phase-out of new freely-emitting coal conversion, caps all coal routes with the exception of coaltr: coal solids can still expand
(coalPhaseoutRegional): [works only with Negishi] global phase-out of new freely-emitting coal conversion, caps all coal routes with the exception of coaltr: coal solids can still expand
(CombLowCandCoalPO): [works only with Negishi] combination of lowCarbonPush and coalPhaseout
(NDC): Technology targets for 2030 for spv,windon,tnrs.
(NPi): Reference technology targets, mostly already enacted (N)ational (P)olicies (i)mplemented, mostly for 2020
(EVmandates): mandate for electric vehicles - used for UBA project

$setglobal techpol  none           !! def = none

——————— 41_emicapregi —————————————-

(none): no regional emission caps
(CandC): contraction and convergence allocation (under construction)
(GDPint): GDP intensity allocation (under construction)
(POPint): sovereignity (per cap.) allocation (under construction)
(exog): exogenous emission cap path (generic) (under construction)
(PerCapitaConvergence): based on CandC: convergence, to be run with emiscen = 4
(AbilityToPay): mitigation requirement shared based on per-capita GDP, to be run with emiscen = 4

$setglobal emicapregi  none           !! def = none

——————— 45_carbonprice —————————————-

This module defines the carbon price pm_taxCO2eq, with behaviour across regions governed by similar principles (e.g. global targets, or all following NDC or NPi policies).

(functionalForm): [REMIND default for peak budget and end-of-century budget runs]
Carbon price trajectory follows a prescribed functional form (linear/exponential) - either until peak year or until end-of-century -
and can be endogenously adjusted to meet CO2 budget targets - either peak or end-of-century - that are formulated in terms of total cumulated CO2 emissions from 2020 (cm_budgetCO2from2020).
Flexible choices for regional carbon price differentiation.
Four main design choices:

                           The functional form (linear/exponential) of the global anchor trajectory is chosen via cm_taxCO2_functionalForm [default = linear].

                           The (initial) carbon price in cm_startyear is chosen via cm_taxCO2_startyear. This value is endogenously adjusted to meet CO2 budget targets if cm_iterative_target_adj is set to 5, 7, or 9.

                           (linear):      The linear curve is determined by the two points (cm_taxCO2_historicalYr, cm_taxCO2_historical) and (cm_startyear, cm_taxCO2_startyear).

                                          By default, cm_taxCO2_historicalYr is the last timestep before cm_startyear, and cm_taxCO2_historical is the carbon price in that timestep in the reference run (path_gdx_ref) - computed as the maximum of pm_taxCO2eq over all regions.

                           (exponential): The exponential curve is determined by exponential growth rate (cm_taxCO2_expGrowth).

[Regional differentiation]: Regional carbon price differentiation relative to global anchor trajectory is chosen via cm_taxCO2_regiDiff [default = initialSpread10].
[Interpolation from path_gdx_ref]: To smoothen a potential jump of carbon prices in cm_startyear, an interpolation between (a) the carbon prices before cm_startyear procided by path_gdx_ref and (b) the carbon prices from cm_startyear onward defined by parts I-III can be chosen via cm_taxCO2_interpolation [default = off].

                                  In addition, the carbon prices provided by path_gdx_ref can be used as a lower bound based on the switch cm_taxCO2_lowerBound_path_gdx_ref [def = on].

(expoLinear): 4.5% exponential increase until cm_expoLinear_yearStart, transitioning into linear increase thereafter
(exogenous): carbon price is specified using an external input file or using the switch cm_regiExoPrice. Requires cm_emiscen = 9 and cm_iterative_target_adj = 0
(temperatureNotToExceed): [test and verify before using it!] Find the optimal carbon carbon tax (set cm_emiscen = 1, iterative_target_adj = 9] curved convergence of CO2 prices between regions until cm_taxCO2_regiDiff_endYr; developed countries have linear path through (cm_taxCO2_historicalYr, cm_taxCO2_historical) and (cm_startyear, cm_taxCO2_startyear);
(NDC): implements a carbon price trajectory consistent with the NDC targets (up to 2030) and a trajectory of comparable ambition post 2030 (1.25%/yr price increase and regional convergence of carbon price). Choose version using cm_NDC_version “2023_cond”, “2023_uncond”, or replace 2023 by 2022, 2021 or 2018 to get all NDC published until end of these years.
(NPi): National Policies Implemented, extrapolation of historical (until 2020) carbon prices
(none): no tax policy (combined with all emiscens except emiscen = 9)

$setglobal carbonprice  none           !! def = none

——————— 46_carbonpriceRegi ———————————

This module applies a markup pm_taxCO2eqRegi on top of pm_taxCO2eq to achieve additional intermediate targets.

(none): no regional carbonprice policies
(NDC): implements a carbon price markup trajectory consistent with the NDC targets between 2030 and 2070
(netZero): implements a carbon price markup trajectory consistent with the net zero targets, the region settings can be adjusted with cm_netZeroScen

$setglobal carbonpriceRegi  none      !! def = none

——————— 47_regipol —————————————–

The regiCarbonPrice realisation defines more detailed region or emissions market specific targets, overwriting the behaviour of pm_taxCO2eq and pm_taxCO2eqRegi for these regions.

(none): no regional policies
(regiCarbonPrice): region-specific policies and refinements (regional emissions targets, co2 prices, phase-out policies etc.)

$setglobal regipol  none              !! def = none

——————— 50_damages —————————————

(off): no damages on GDP
(DiceLike): DICE-like damages (linear-quadratic damages on GDP). Choose specification via cm_damage_DiceLike_specification
(BurkeLike): Burke-like damages (growth rate damages on GDP). Choose specification via cm_damage_BurkeLike_specification and cm_damage_BurkeLike_persistenceTime
(KotzWenz): damage function based on Kotz et al. (2024)
(KWLike): Damage function based on Kalkuhl & Wenz (2020)
(KW_SE): Damage function based on Kalkuhl & Wenz (2020), but for the upper bound of the damages based on their standard error calculation
(KWTCint): Combines aggregate damages from Kalkuhl & Wenz (2020) and tropical cyclone damages from Krichene et al. (2022)
(Labor): Labor supply damages from Dasgupta et al. (2021)
(TC): tropical cyclone damages from Krichene et al. (2022)

$setGlobal damages  off               !! def = off

——————— 51_internalizeDamages —————————-

(off):
(DiceLikeItr): Internalize DICE-like damages (calculate the SCC) adjust cm_damages_SccHorizon. Requires cm_emiscen set to 9 for now.
(BurkeLikeItr): Internalize Burke-like damages (calculate the SCC) adjust cm_damages_SccHorizo. Requires cm_emiscen set to 9 for now.
(KotzWenzItr): Internalize KotzWenz damages (calculate the SCC). Requires cm_emiscen set to 9.
(KWlikeItr): Internalize damage function based on Kalkuhl & Wenz (2020). Requires cm_emiscen set to 9 for now.
(KWlikeItrCPnash): Internalize damage function based on Kalkuhl & Wenz (2020), but with Nash SCC, i.e. each region only internalizes its own damages. Requires cm_emiscen set to 9 for now.
(KWlikeItrCPreg): Internalize damage function based on Kalkuhl & Wenz (2020), but with regional SCC instead of a global uniform price. Requires cm_emiscen set to 9 for now.
(KW_SEitr): Internalize damage function based on Kalkuhl & Wenz (2020) for upper limit based on standard error. Requires cm_emiscen set to 9 for now.
(KWTCintItr): Internalize combined damages from Kalkuhl & Wenz (2020) and from tropical cyclones. Requires cm_emiscen set to 9 for now.
(LabItr): Internalize labor supply damages based on Dasgupta et al. (2021). Requires cm_emiscen set to 9 for now.
(TCitr): Internalize tropical cyclone damage function based on Krichene et al. (2022). Requires cm_emiscen set to 9 for now.

$setGlobal internalizeDamages  off               !! def = off

——————— 70_water ——————————————-

(off): no water demand taken into account
(heat): as exogenous only that vintage structure in combination with time dependent cooling shares as vintages and efficiency factors are also considered and demand is a function of excess heat as opposed to electricity output

$setglobal water  heat                 !! def = heat

——————— 80_optimization ———————————-

(nash): Nash solution. Adjust cm_nash_autoconverge to needs.
(negishi): calculates a Negishi solution (social planner)
(testOneRegi): solves the problem for one region for given prices (taken from gdx). ! Warning: For development purposes only !

$setGlobal optimization  nash         !! def = nash

——————— 81_codePerformance ——————————-

(off): nothing happens
(on): test code performance: noumerous (30) succesive runs performed in a triangle, tax0, tax30, tax150, all growing exponentially.

$setGlobal codePerformance  off       !! def = off

SWITCHES

parameter
  cm_nash_mode              "mode for solving nash problem"
;
  cm_nash_mode           = 2;     !! def = 2  !! regexp = 1|2

(1): debug - all regions are run in a sequence and the lst-file will contain information on infeasiblities
(2): parallel - all regions are run in parallel

parameter
  cm_iteration_max          "number of iterations, if optimization is set to negishi or testOneRegi; is overwritten in Nash mode, except if cm_nash_autoconverge is set to 0"
;
  cm_iteration_max       = 1;     !! def = 1

parameter
  cm_abortOnConsecFail      "number of iterations of consecutive infeasibilities/failures to solve for one region, after which the run automatically switches to serial debug mode"
;
  cm_abortOnConsecFail   = 2;     !! def = 2  !! regexp = [0-9]+

parameter
  cm_solver_try_max          "maximum number of inner iterations within one Negishi iteration (<10)"
;
  cm_solver_try_max       = 2;     !! def = 2

set to at least five by testOneRegi

parameter
  c_keep_iteration_gdxes    "save intermediate iteration gdxes"
;
  c_keep_iteration_gdxes = 0;     !! def = 0  !! regexp = 0|1

in default we do not save gdx files from each iteration to limit the number of the output files but this might be helpful for debugging

1. gdx files from each iteration are NOT saved
1. gdx files from each iteration are saved

parameter
  cm_keep_presolve_gdxes    "save gdxes for all regions/solver tries/nash iterations for debugging"
;
  cm_keep_presolve_gdxes  = 0;     !! def = 0  !! regexp = 0|1

parameter
  cm_nash_autoconverge      "choice of nash convergence mode"
;
  cm_nash_autoconverge   = 1;     !! def = 1  !! regexp = [0-3]

(0): manually set number of iterations by adjusting cm_iteration_max
(1): run until solution is sufficiently converged - coarse tolerances, quick solution. ! do not use in production runs !
(2): run until solution is sufficiently converged - fine tolerances, for production runs.
(3): run until solution is sufficiently converged using very relaxed targets - very coarse tolerances, two times higher than option 1. ! do not use in production runs !

parameter
  cm_emiscen                "policy scenario choice"
;
  cm_emiscen        = 1;               !! def = 1  !!  regexp = 0|1|4|6|9|10

(0): no global budget. Policy may still be prescribed by 41_emicaprei module.
(1): BAU
(4): emission time path
(6): budget
(9): tax scenario (requires running module 21_tax “on”), tax level controlled by module 45_carbonprice and cm_taxCO2_startyear, other GHG etc. controlled by cm_rcp_scen
(10): used for cost-benefit analysis JeS WARNING: data for cm_emiscen 4 only exists for multigas_scen 2 bau scenarios and for multigas_scen 1

parameter
  cm_taxCO2_startyear    "level of co2 tax in start year in $ per t CO2eq"
;
  cm_taxCO2_startyear = -1;     !! def = -1  !! regexp = -1|is.nonnegative

(-1): default setting equivalent to no carbon tax
(any number >= 0): CO2 tax in start year [if cm_iterative_target_adj eq 0];

               initialization of CO2 tax in start year [if cm_iterative_target_adj eq 5, 7 or 9]

parameter
  cm_taxCO2_expGrowth         "growth rate of carbon tax"
;
  cm_taxCO2_expGrowth = 1.045;            !! def = 1.045  !! regexp = is.numeric

(any number >= 0): rate of exponential increase over time, default value chosen to be consistent with interest rate

parameter
  cm_budgetCO2from2020   "CO2 budget for all economic sectors starting from 2020 (GtCO2). It can be either peak budget, but can also be an end-of-century budget"
;
  cm_budgetCO2from2020      = 1150;   !! def = 1150

budgets from AR6 for 2020-2100 (including 2020), for 1.5 C: 500 Gt CO2 peak budget (400 Gt CO2 end of century), for 2 C: 1150 Gt CO2

parameter
  cm_peakBudgYr       "date of net-zero CO2 emissions for peak budget runs without overshoot"
;
  cm_peakBudgYr            = 2050;   !! def = 2050

time of net-zero CO2 emissions (peak budget) endogenous adjustment by algorithms in 45_carbonprice/functionalForm/postsolve.gms [requires emiscen = 9 and cm_iterative_target_adj = 7 or 9]

parameter
  cm_taxCO2_IncAfterPeakBudgYr "annual increase of CO2 tax after cm_peakBudgYr in $ per tCO2"
;
  cm_taxCO2_IncAfterPeakBudgYr = 0; !! def = 0 . For weak targets (higher than 1100 Peak Budget), this value might need to increased to prevent continually increasing temperatures

parameter
  cm_expoLinear_yearStart   "time at which carbon price increases linearly instead of exponentially"
;
  cm_expoLinear_yearStart  = 2050;   !! def = 2050

parameter
  c_macscen                 "scenario switch on whether or not to use MAC (Marginal Abatement Cost) for certain sectors not related to direct combustion of fossil fuel, e.g. fugitive emissions from old mines, forestry, agriculture and cement"
;
  c_macscen         = 1;               !! def = 1  !! regexp = 1|2

(1): on
(2): off

parameter
  cm_nucscen                "nuclear option choice"
;
  cm_nucscen       = 2;        !! def = 2  !! regexp = 1|2|5|6

(1): default, no restriction, let nuclear be endogenously invested
(2): no fnrs, tnrs with restricted new builds until 2030 (based on current data on plants under construction, planned or proposed)
(5): no new nuclear investments after 2020
(6): +33% investment costs for tnrs under SSP5, uranium resources increased by a factor of 10

parameter
  cm_ccapturescen       "carbon capture option choice, no carbon capture only if CCS and CCU are switched off!"
;
  cm_ccapturescen  = 1;        !! def = 1  !! regexp = [1-4]

(1): yes
(2): no carbon capture (only if CCS and CCU are switched off!)
(3): no bio carbon capture
(4): no carbon capture in the electricity sector

parameter
  c_bioliqscen              "2nd generation bioenergy liquids technology choice"
;
  c_bioliqscen     = 1;        !! def = 1  !! regexp = 0|1

(0): no technologies
(1): all technologies

parameter
  c_bioh2scen               "bioenergy hydrogen technology choice"
;
  c_bioh2scen      = 1;        !! def = 1  !! regexp = 0|1

(0): no technologies
(1): all technologies

parameter
  c_shGreenH2               "lower bound on share of green hydrogen in all hydrogen from 2030 onwards"
;
  c_shGreenH2      = 0;        !! def = 0  !! regexp = is.share

(a number between 0 and 1): share

parameter
  c_shBioTrans              "upper bound on share of bioliquids in transport from 2025 onwards"
;
  c_shBioTrans     = 1;        !! def = 1  !! regexp = is.share

(a number between 0 and 1): share

parameter
  cm_shSynLiq               "lower bound on share of synfuels in SE liquids by 2045, gradual scale-up before"
;
  cm_shSynLiq    = 0;          !! def = 0  !! regexp = is.share

(a number between 0 and 1): share

parameter
  cm_shSynGas               "lower bound on share of synthetic gas in SE gases by 2045, gradual scale-up before"
;
  cm_shSynGas      = 0;        !! def = 0  !! regexp = is.share

parameter
  cm_IndCCSscen             "CCS for Industry"
;
  cm_IndCCSscen          = 1;        !! def = 1

parameter
  cm_optimisticMAC          "assume optimistic Industry MAC from AR5 Ch. 10?"
;
  cm_optimisticMAC       = 0;        !! def = 0

parameter
  cm_CCS_cement             "CCS for cement sub-sector"
;
  cm_CCS_cement          = 1;        !! def = 1

parameter
  cm_CCS_chemicals          "CCS for chemicals sub-sector"
;
  cm_CCS_chemicals       = 1;        !! def = 1

parameter
  cm_CCS_steel              "CCS for steel sub-sector"
;
  cm_CCS_steel           = 1;        !! def = 1

parameter
  cm_bioenergy_SustTax      "level of the bioenergy sustainability tax in fraction of bioenergy price"
;
  cm_bioenergy_SustTax   = 1.5;      !! def = 1.5

Only effective if 21_tax is on. The tax is only applied to purpose grown 2nd generation (lignocellulosic) biomass and the level increases linearly with bioenergy demand. A value of 1 refers to a tax level of 100% at a production of 200 EJ per yr globally (implies 50% at 100 EJ per yr or 150% at 300 EJ per yr, for example).

(0): setting equivalent to no tax
(1.5): (default), implying a tax level of 150% at a demand of 200 EJ per yr (or 75% at 100 EJ per yr)
(any number ge 0): defines tax level at 200 EJ per yr

parameter
  cm_bioenergy_EF_for_tax   "bioenergy emission factor that is used to derive a bioenergy tax [kgCO2 per GJ]"
;
  cm_bioenergy_EF_for_tax  = 0;        !! def = 0

Only effective if 21_tax is on, applied to all regions specified by cm_regi_bioenergy_EFTax. Please note that the tax, which is derived from this emission factor, is not the same as the sustainabilty tax described above. Please also note that the emission factor is only used to inform the tax level, i.e. associated emissions do not enter the emissions balance equations.

1. off
1. Sets the emission factor to 20 kgCO2 per GJ, which for example results in a tax of 2 $ per GJ (primary energy) at a carbon price of 100 $ per tCO2: 20 kgCO2 per GJ * 100 $ per tCO2 eq 0.02 tCO2 per GJ * 100 $ per tCO2 eq 2 $ per GJ

parameter
  cm_tradecostBio           "choose financial tradecosts multiplier for biomass (purpose grown pebiolc)"
;
  cm_tradecostBio     = 1;         !! def = 1

parameter
  cm_1stgen_phaseout        "scenario setting for phase-out of 1st generation biofuels"
;
  cm_1stgen_phaseout  = 0;         !! def = 0  !! regexp = 0|1

(0): no phase-out. Production of 1st generation biofuels after 2045 is bound from below by 90% of maximum resource potential (“maxprod”)
(1): phase-out. No new capacities for 1st generation biofuel technologies are built after 2030 (i.e. added capacity vm_deltaCap equals 0), in practice this means a slow phaseout of 1st generation biofuel due to lack of economic competitiveness. Bioenergy production is bound from below by 90% of maximum biomass resource potential in 2045

parameter
  cm_phaseoutBiolc          "Switch that allows for a full phaseout of all bioenergy technologies globally"
;
  cm_phaseoutBiolc    = 0;         !! def = 0  !! regexp = 0|1

parameter
  cm_startyear              "first optimized modelling time step [year]"
;
  cm_startyear        = 2005;      !! def = 2005 for a baseline  !! regexp = 20[0-9](0|5)

(2005): standard for baseline to check if model is well calibrated
(2015): standard for all policy runs (eq. to fix2010), NDC, NPi and production baselines, especially if various baselines with varying parameters are explored
(….): later start for delay policy runs, eg. 2025 for what used to be delay2020

parameter
  c_start_budget            "start of GHG budget limit"
;
  c_start_budget      = 2100;      !! def = 2100

parameter
  cm_prtpScen               "pure rate of time preference standard values"
;
  cm_prtpScen         = 1;         !! def = 1  !! regexp = 1|3

(1): 1.5 %
(3): 3 %

parameter
  cm_fetaxscen              "choice of final energy tax path, subsidy path and inconvenience cost path, values other than zero enable final energy tax"
;
  cm_fetaxscen        = 3;         !! def = 3  !! regexp = [0-5]

even if set to 0, the PE inconvenience cost per SO2-cost for coal are always on if module 21_tax is on * (0): no tax, sub, inconv * (1): constant t,s,i (used in SSP 5 and ADVANCE WP3.1 HighOilSub) * (2): converging tax, phased out sub (-2030), no inconvenience cost so far (used in SSP 1) * (3): constant tax, phased out sub (-2050), no inconvenience cost so far (used in SSP 2) * (4): constant tax, phased out sub (-2030), no inconvenience cost so far (used in SDP) * (5): roll back of final energy taxes to get back to a no-policy case (previously known as BAU)

parameter
  cm_distrBeta              "elasticity of tax revenue redistribution"
;
  cm_distrBeta        = 1;       !! def = 1  !! regexp = 0|1

(0): equal per capita redistribution (1): proportional redistribution

parameter
  cm_multigasscen           "scenario on GHG portfolio to be included in permit trading scheme"
;
  cm_multigasscen     = 2;         !! def = 2  !! regexp = [1-3]

(1): CO2 only
(2): all GHG
(3): all GHG excl CO2 emissions from LULUCF

parameter
  cm_permittradescen        "scenario on permit trade"
;
  cm_permittradescen  = 1;         !! def = 1  !! regexp = [1-3]

(1): full permit trade (no restrictions)
(2): no permit trade (only domestic mitigation)
(3): limited trade (certain percentage of GDP)

parameter
  cm_rentdiscoil            "[grades2poly] discount factor for the oil rent"
;
  cm_rentdiscoil      = 0.2;       !! def = 0.2

parameter
  cm_rentdiscoil2           "[grades2poly] discount factor for the oil rent achieved in 2100"
;
  cm_rentdiscoil2     = 0.9;       !! def = 0.9

parameter
  cm_rentconvoil            "[grades2poly] number of years required to converge to the 2100 oil rent"
;
  cm_rentconvoil      = 50;        !! def = 50

parameter
  cm_rentdiscgas            "[grades2poly] discount factor for the gas rent"
;
  cm_rentdiscgas      = 0.6;       !! def = 0.6

parameter
  cm_rentdiscgas2           "[grades2poly] discount factor for the gas rent achieved in 2100"
;
  cm_rentdiscgas2     = 0.8;       !! def = 0.8

parameter
  cm_rentconvgas            "[grades2poly] number of years required to converge to the 2100 gas rent"
;
  cm_rentconvgas      = 50;        !! def = 50

parameter
  cm_rentdisccoal           "[grades2poly] discount factor for the coal rent"
;
  cm_rentdisccoal     = 0.4;       !! def = 0.4

parameter
  cm_rentdisccoal2          "[grades2poly] discount factor for the coal rent achieved in 2100"
;
  cm_rentdisccoal2    = 0.6;       !! def = 0.6

parameter
  cm_rentconvcoal           "[grades2poly] number of years required to converge to the 2100 coal rent"
;
  cm_rentconvcoal     = 50;        !! def = 50

parameter
  c_cint_scen               "additional GHG emissions from mining fossil fuels"
;
  c_cint_scen           = 1;         !! def = 1  !! regexp = 0|1

(0): switch is off (emissions are not accounted)
(1): switch is on (emissions are accounted)

parameter
  cm_so2tax_scen            "level of SO2 tax"
;
  cm_so2tax_scen        = 1;         !! def = 1  !! regexp = [0-4]

(0): so2 tax is set to zero
(1): so2 tax is low
(2): so2 tax is standard
(3): so2 tax is high
(4): so2 tax intermediary between 1 and 2, multiplying (1) tax by the ratio (3) and (2)

parameter
  c_techAssumptScen         "scenario for assumptions of energy technologies based on SSP scenarios, 1: SSP2 (default), 2: SSP1, 3: SSP5, 4: SSP3"
;
  c_techAssumptScen     = 1;         !! def = 1  !! regexp = [1-4]

This flag defines an energy technology scenario according to SSP scenario * (1) SSP2: reference scenario - default investment costs & learning rates for pv, csp and wind * (2) SSP1: advanced renewable energy techno., pessimistic for nuclear and CCS * (3) SSP5: pessimistic techno-economic assumptions

parameter
  c_ccsinjecratescen        "CCS injection rate factor applied to total regional storage potentials, yielding an upper bound on annual injection"
;
  c_ccsinjecratescen    = 1;         !! def = 1  !! regexp = [0-6]

This switch determines the upper bound of the annual CCS injection rate. CCS here refers to carbon sequestration, carbon capture is modelled separately. * (0) no “CCS” as in no carbon sequestration at all * (1) reference case: 0.005; max 19.7 GtCO2/yr globally * (2) lower estimate: 0.0025; max 9.8 GtCO2/yr globally * (3) upper estimate: 0.0075; max 29.5 GtCO2/yr globally * (4) unconstrained: 1; max 3900 GtCO2/yr globally * (5) sustainability case: 0.001; max 3.9 GtCO2/yr globally * (6) intermediate estimate: 0.0022; max 8.6 GtCO2/yr globally

parameter
  c_ccscapratescen          "CCS capture rate"
;
  c_ccscapratescen      = 1;         !! def = 1  !! regexp = 1|2

This flag determines the CO2 capture rate of selected CCS technologies * (1) reference (90%) * (2) increased capture rate (99%)

parameter
  c_export_tax_scen         "choose which oil export tax is used in the model. 0 = none, 1 = fix"
;
  c_export_tax_scen     = 0;         !! def = 0  !! regexp = 0|1

parameter
  cm_iterative_target_adj   "settings on iterative adjustment for CO2 tax based on in-iteration emission or forcing level. Allow iteratively generated endogenous global CO2 tax under peak budget constraint or end-of-century budget constraint."
;
  cm_iterative_target_adj = 0;      !! def = 0  !! regexp = 0|2|3|5|7|9

(0): no iterative adjustment of CO2 tax (terminology: CO2 price and CO2 tax in REMIND is used interchangeably)
(2): iterative adjustment of CO2 tax or cumulative emission based on climate forcing calculated by climate model magicc, for runs with budget or CO2 tax constraints. See ./modules/45_carbonprice/NDC/postsolve.gms for direct algorithm
(3): [requires 45_carbonprice = NDC and emiscen = 9] iterative adjustment of CO2 tax based on 2025 or 2030 regionally differentiated emissions, for runs with emission budget or CO2 tax constraints. See ./modules/45_carbonprice/NDC/postsolve.gms for direct algorithm
(5): [requires 45_carbonprice = functionalForm and emiscen = 9] iterative adjustment of CO2 tax based on economy-wide CO2 cumulative emission budget(2020-2100), for runs with emission budget or CO2 tax constraints. [see 45_carbonprice/functionalForm/postsolve.gms for direct algorithm]
(7): [requires 45_carbonprice = functionalForm and emiscen = 9] iterative adjustment of CO2 tax based on economy-wide CO2 cumulative emission peak budget, for runs with emission budget or CO2 tax constraints. Features: results in a peak budget with zero net CO2 emissions after peak budget is reached. See core/postsolve.gms for direct algorithms [see 45_carbonprice/functionalForm/postsolve.gms for direct algorithm]
(9): [requires 45_carbonprice = functionalForm and emiscen = 9] iterative adjustment of CO2 tax based on economy-wide CO2 cumulative emission peak budget, for runs with emission budget or CO2 tax constraints. Features: 1) after the year when budget peaks, CO2 tax has an annual increase by cm_taxCO2_IncAfterPeakBudgYr, 2) automatically shifts cm_peakBudgYr to find the correct year of budget peaking for a given budget. [see 45_carbonprice/functionalForm/postsolve.gms for direct algorithm]

parameter
  cm_NDC_divergentScenario  "choose scenario about convergence of CO2eq prices [45_carbonprice = NDC]"
;
  cm_NDC_divergentScenario = 0;           !! def = 0  !! regexp = [0-2]

1. 70 years after 2030
1. 120 years after 2030
1. until year 3000 (“never”)

parameter
  cm_gdximport_target       "whether or not the starting value for iteratively adjusted CO2 tax trajectories for all regions (scenarios defined by cm_iterative_target_adj) should be read in from the input.gdx"
;
  cm_gdximport_target      = 0;      !! def = 0  !! regexp = 0|1

(0): no import
(1): the values from the gdx are read in (works only if the gdx has a parameter value) ATTENTION: make sure that the values from the gdx have the right structure (e.g. regionally differentiated or not)

parameter
  cm_33DAC                  "choose whether DAC (direct air capture) should be included into the CDR portfolio."
;
  cm_33DAC                 = 1;   !! def = 1    !! regexp = 0|1

(1): direct air capture is included
(0): not included

parameter
  cm_33EW                   "choose whether EW (enhanced weathering) should be included into the CDR portfolio."
;
  cm_33EW                  = 0;   !! def = 0    !! regexp = 0|1

(1): enhanced weathering is included
(0): not included

parameter
  cm_33OAE                  "choose whether OAE (ocean alkalinity enhancement) should be included into the CDR portfolio. 0 = OAE not used, 1 = used"
;
  cm_33OAE                 = 0;   !! def = 0

Since OAE is quite a cheap CDR option, runs might not converge because the model tries to deploy a lot of OAE. In this case, use a quantity target to limit OAE by adding something like: (2070,2080,2090,2100).GLO.tax.t.oae.all 5000 to cm_implicitQttyTarget in your config file, starting from the year in which OAE is deployed above 5000 MtCO2 / yr. This will limit the global deployment to 5000 Mt / yr in timesteps 2070-2100. * (1): ocean alkalinity enhancement is included * (0): not included

parameter
  cm_33_OAE_eff             "OAE efficiency measured in tCO2 uptaken by the ocean per tCaO. Typically between 0.9-1.4 (which corresponds to 1.2-1.8 molCO2/molCaO). [tCO2/tCaO]"
;
  cm_33_OAE_eff            = 1.2; !! def = 1.2

parameter
  cm_33_OAE_scen            "OAE distribution scenarios"
;
  cm_33_OAE_scen           = 1; !! def = 1

(0): pessimistic: a rather low discharge rate (30 tCaO per h), corresponding to high distribution costs
(1): optimistic: a high discharge rate (250 tCaO per h), corresponding to lower distribution costs

parameter
  cm_33_OAE_startyr         "The year when OAE could start being deployed [year]"
;
  cm_33_OAE_startyr        = 2030; !! def = 2030  !! regexp = 20[3-9](0|5)

(2030): earliest year when OAE could be deployed
(….): later timesteps

parameter
  cm_gs_ew                  "grain size (for enhanced weathering, CDR module) [micrometre]"
;
  cm_gs_ew                 = 20;     !! def = 20  !! regexp = is.numeric

parameter
  cm_LimRock                "limit amount of rock spread each year [Gt]"
;
  cm_LimRock               = 1000;   !! def = 1000

parameter
  cm_33_EW_upScalingRateLimit    "Annual growth rate limit on upscaling of mining & spreading rocks on fields"
;
  cm_33_EW_upScalingRateLimit = 0.2;  !! def = 20% !! regexp = is.nonnegative
parameter
  cm_33_EW_shortTermLimit         "Limit on 2030 potential for enhanced weathering, defined as % of land on which EW is applied. Default 0.5% of land"
;
  cm_33_EW_shortTermLimit = 0.005; !! def = 0.5% !! regexp = is.nonnegative

parameter
  cm_postTargetIncrease     "carbon price increase per year after regipol emission target is reached (euro per tCO2)"
;
  cm_postTargetIncrease    = 0;      !! def = 0

parameter
  cm_implicitQttyTarget_tolerance "tolerance for regipol implicit quantity target deviations convergence."
;
  cm_implicitQttyTarget_tolerance    = 0.01;       !! def = 0.01, i.e. regipol implicit quantity targets must be met within 1% of target deviation

parameter
  cm_emiMktTargetDelay  "number of years for delayed price change in the emission tax convergence algorithm. Not applied to first target set."
;
  cm_emiMktTargetDelay    = 0;       !! def = 0

parameter
  cm_distrAlphaDam    "income elasticity of damages for inequality"
;
  cm_distrAlphaDam     = 1;    !! def = 1

1 means damage is distributed proportional to income, i.e. distributionally neutral, 0 means equal per capita distribution of damage

parameter
  cm_damages_BurkeLike_specification      "empirical specification for Burke-like damage functions"
;
  cm_damages_BurkeLike_specification    = 0;     !! def = 0

{0,5} Selects the main Burke specification “pooled, short-run” (0) or an alternative one “pooled, long-run”(5)

parameter
  cm_damages_BurkeLike_persistenceTime    "persistence time in years for Burke-like damage functions"
;
  cm_damages_BurkeLike_persistenceTime  = 30;    !! def = 30

Persistence time (half-time) in years. Highly uncertain, but may be in between 5 and 55 years.

parameter
  cm_damages_SccHorizon                   "Horizon for SCC calculation. Damages cm_damagesSccHorizon years into the future are internalized."
;
  cm_damages_SccHorizon                 = 100;   !! def = 100

Horizon for SCC calculation. Damages cm_damagesSccHorizon years into the future are internalized.

parameter
  cm_damage_KWSE                          "standard error for Kalkuhl & Wenz damages"
;
  cm_damage_KWSE                        = 0;     !! def = 0

{1.645 for 90% CI, 1.96 for 95% CI, no correction when 0}

parameter
  cm_sccConvergence         "convergence indicator for SCC iteration"
;
  cm_sccConvergence        = 0.05;  !! def = 0.05
;
parameter
  cm_tempConvergence         "convergence indicator for temperature in damage iteration"
;
  cm_tempConvergence       = 0.05;  !! def = 0.05
;
parameter
  cm_carbonprice_temperatureLimit "not-to-exceed temperature target in degree above pre-industrial [45_carbonprice = temperatureNotToExceed]"
;
  cm_carbonprice_temperatureLimit       = 1.8;   !! def = 1.8

parameter
  cm_frac_CCS          "tax on carbon transport & storage (ccsinje) to reflect risk of leakage, formulated as fraction of ccsinje O&M costs"
;
  cm_frac_CCS          = 10;   !! def = 10

parameter
  cm_frac_NetNegEmi    "tax on net negative emissions to reflect risk of overshooting, formulated as fraction of carbon price"
;
  cm_frac_NetNegEmi    = 0.5;  !! def = 0.5

This tax reduces the regional effective carbon price for CO2 once regional net CO2 emissions turn negative; default is a reduction by 50 percent. As the tax applies to net CO2 emissions, both further emission reductions and CDR are disincentivised. Fraction can be freely chosen. Guidelines:

1. No net negative tax, the full CO2 price always applies.
(0.5) Halves the effective CO2 price when regional net CO2 emissions turn negative.
1. No effective CO2 tax once regional emissions turn net-negative. Hence regions never become net-negative.

parameter
  cm_DiscRateScen          "Scenario for the implicit discount rate applied to the energy efficiency capital"
;
  cm_DiscRateScen        = 0;  !! def = 0  !! regexp = [0-4]

1. Baseline without higher discount rate: No additional discount rate
1. Baseline with higher discount rate: Increase the discount rate by 10%pts from 2005 until the end
1. Energy Efficiency policy: 10%pts higher discount rate until cm_startyear and 0 afterwards.
1. Energy Efficiency policy: higher discount rate until cm_startyear and 25% of the initial value afterwards.
1. Energy Efficiency policy: higher discount rate until cm_startyear, decreasing to 25% value linearly until 2030.

parameter
  cm_H2InBuildOnlyAfter "Switch to fix H2 in buildings to zero until given year"
;
  cm_H2InBuildOnlyAfter = 2150;   !! def = 2150 (rule out H2 in buildings)

For all years until the given year, FE demand for H2 in buildings is set to zero

parameter
  c_teNoLearngConvEndYr      "Year at which regional costs of non-learning technologies converge"
;
  c_teNoLearngConvEndYr  = 2070;   !! def = 2070

parameter
  c_earlyRetiValidYr         "Year before which the early retirement rate designated by c_tech_earlyreti_rate holds"
;
  c_earlyRetiValidYr  = 2035;   !! def = 2035

parameter
  c_seFeSectorShareDevScale "scale factor in the objective function of the penalization to incentive sectors to have similar shares of secondary energy fuels."
;
  c_seFeSectorShareDevScale = 1e-3;  !! def = 1e-3

parameter
  cm_TaxConvCheck             "switch for enabling tax convergence check in nash mode"
;
  cm_TaxConvCheck = 1;  !! def = 1, which means tax convergence check is on  !! regexp = 0|1

switches tax convergence check in nash mode on and off (check that tax revenue in all regions, periods be smaller than 0.1% of GDP) * 0 (off) * 1 (on), default

parameter
  cm_maxFadeOutPriceAnticip   "switch to determine maximum allowed fadeout price anticipation to consider that the model converged."
;
  cm_maxFadeOutPriceAnticip = 1e-4; !! def = 1e-4, the fadeout price anticipation term needs to be lower than 1e-4 to consider that the model converged.

parameter
  cm_flex_tax                 "switch for enabling flexibility tax"
;
  cm_flex_tax = 1;  !! def = 1  !! regexp = 0|1

cm_flex_tax “switch for flexibility tax/subsidy, switching it on activates a tax on a number of technologies with flexible or inflexible electricity input.” technologies with flexible eletricity input get a subsidy corresponding to the lower-than-average electricity prices that they see, while inflexible technologies get a tax corresponding to the higher-than-average electricity prices that they see * (0) flexibility tax off * (1) flexibility tax on

parameter
  cm_H2targets                "switches on capacity targets for electrolysis in NDC techpol following national Hydrogen Strategies"
;
  cm_H2targets = 0; !! def 0

parameter
  cm_FlexTaxFeedback          "switch deciding whether flexibility tax feedback on buildings and industry electricity prices is on"
;
  cm_FlexTaxFeedback = 0;  !! def = 0  !! regexp = 0|1

cm_FlexTaxFeedback, switches on feedback of flexibility tax on buildings and industry. That is, electricity price decrease for electrolysis has to be matched by electrictiy price increase in buildings and industry. This switch only has an effect if the flexibility tax is on by cm_flex_tax set to 1.

parameter
  cm_VRE_supply_assumptions        "default (0), optimistic (1), sombre (2), or bleak (3) assumptions on VRE supply"
;
  cm_VRE_supply_assumptions = 0;  !! 0 - default, 1 - optimistic, 2 - sombre, 3 - bleak  !! regexp = [0-3]

for 1 - optimistic
investment cost (inco0), to-be-learned investment cost (incolearn), and learning rate parameters for spv and storspv are modified
ease capacity constraints on power storage
reduce necessary storage for electricity production
for 2 - sombre
change to-be-learned investment cost (incolearn) for solar PV (spv) to 5010 (150 $ per kW floor cost)
for 3 - bleak
change to-be-learned investment cost (incolearn) for solar PV (spv) to 4960 (200 $ per kW floor cost)

parameter
  cm_build_H2costAddH2Inv     "additional h2 distribution costs for low diffusion levels (default value: 6.5$/kg = 0.2 $/Kwh)"
;
  cm_build_H2costAddH2Inv = 0.2;  !! def = 6.5$/kg = 0.2 $/Kwh

parameter
  cm_build_H2costDecayStart   "simplified logistic function end of full value (ex. 5%  -> between 0 and 5% the function will have the value 1). [%]"
;
  cm_build_H2costDecayStart = 0.05; !! def = 0.05

parameter
  cm_build_H2costDecayEnd     "simplified logistic function start of null value (ex. 10% -> after 10% the function will have the value 0). [%]"
;
  cm_build_H2costDecayEnd = 0.1;  !! def = 0.1

parameter
  cm_indst_H2costAddH2Inv     "additional h2 distribution costs for low diffusion levels (default value: 3.25$kg = 0.1 $/kWh)"
;
  cm_indst_H2costAddH2Inv = 0.1;  !! def = 3.25$/kg = 0.1 $/Kwh

parameter
  cm_indst_costDecayStart     "simplified logistic function end of full value   (ex. 5%  -> between 0 and 5% the simplified logistic function will have the value 1). [%]"
;
  cm_indst_costDecayStart = 0.05; !! def = 5%

parameter
  cm_indst_H2costDecayEnd     "simplified logistic function start of null value (ex. 10% -> between 10% and 100% the simplified logistic function will have the value 0). [%]"
;
  cm_indst_H2costDecayEnd = 0.1;  !! def 10%

parameter
  cm_BioSupply_Adjust_EU      "factor for scaling sub-EU bioenergy supply curves"
;
  cm_BioSupply_Adjust_EU = 3; !! def 3, 3*bioenergy supply slope obtained from input data

scales bioenergy supply curves in EU regions (mainly used to match EUR H12/ 3 /GJ from 2030 onward, and 30$/GJ from 2040 onward, and 40$/GJ from 2040 onward. scales slope of bioenergy supply curves in EU subregions (mainly used to match EUR H12/Magpie bioenergy potential) switch can be removed once supply curves for EU subregions are fixed in input data

parameter
  cm_noPeFosCCDeu              "switch to suppress Pe2Se Fossil Carbon Capture in Germany"
;
  cm_noPeFosCCDeu = 0;  !! def = 0  !! regexp = 0|1

CCS limitations for Germany def 0, no suppression of Pe2Se Fossil Carbon Capture in Germany, if 1 then no pe2se fossil CO2 capture in Germany fossil CCS limitations in Germany+

1. none
1. no fossil carbon and capture in Germany

parameter
  c_fracRealfromAnnouncedCCScap2030         "switch to adjust the share of realised CCS capacities from total announced/planned projects from database in 2030"
;
  c_fracRealfromAnnouncedCCScap2030 = 0.3; !! def = 0.3

This switch changes the assumption about the share of timely realised capacities from sum of announced/planned in 2030 from the IEA CCS data base Default assumption is that only 30% of announced or planned capacities will be realised, either due to discontinuation or delay

parameter
  cm_startIter_EDGET          "starting iteration of EDGE-T"
;
  cm_startIter_EDGET = 14;  !! def = 14, by default EDGE-T is run first in iteration 14  !! regexp = [0-9]+

EDGE-T transport starting iteration of coupling def 14, EDGE-T coupling starts at 14, if you want to test whether infeasibilities after EDGE-T -> set it to 1 to check after first iteration

parameter
  cm_deuCDRmax                 "switch to limit maximum annual CDR amount in Germany in MtCO2 per y"
;
  cm_deuCDRmax = -1; !! def = -1

switch to cap annual DEU CDR amount by value assigned to switch, or no cap if -1, in MtCO2

parameter
  cm_EnSecScen_limit        "switch for limiting the gas demand from 2025 onward, currently only applied to Germany"
;
  cm_EnSecScen_limit = 0;  !! def = 0

This switch is used to represent a limited gas supply in a energy security scenario. [EJ per yr]

           default, equals "off", no limit imposed

(any other number) limit of gas demand from 2025 on in Germany in EJ/yr

parameter
  c_SlackMultiplier   "Multiplicative factor to up/downscale the slack size for v_changeProdStartyearSlack"
;
  c_SlackMultiplier = 1;  !! def = 1

parameter
  c_changeProdCost   "Multiplicative factor to up/downscale the costs for vm_changeProdStartyearCost"
;
  c_changeProdCost = 5;  !! def = 5

parameter
  cm_LearningSpillover      "Activate Learningspillover from foreign capacity in learning technogolies"
;
  cm_LearningSpillover = 1; !! def 1 = Learningspillover activated (set to 0 to deactivate)

if Learningspillover is deactivated, foreign capacity is set to the level of 2020 in technology learning.
This means that in the model, each region’s learning depends on its OWN additional capacity investment after 2020 in comparison to the GLOBAL cumulative capacity until 2020,
so for small regions learning is very slow. This is a very pessimistic interpretation of ‘no learning spillovers’,
as every region has to climb up the global learning curve all by itself.
In combination with endogenous carbon pricing (e.g., in NDC), the deactivated Learningspillover will lead to higher overall carbon prices. Can be solved by setting carbonprice to exogenous (config).

FLAGS

cm_MAgPIE_coupling “switch on coupling mode with MAgPIE”

(off): off = REMIND expects to be run standalone (emission factors are used, shiftfactors are set to zero)
(on): on = REMIND expects to be run based on a MAgPIE reporting file (emission factors are set to zero because emissions are retrieved from the MAgPIE reporting, shift factors for supply curves are calculated)

$setglobal cm_MAgPIE_coupling  off     !! def = "off"  !! regexp = off|on

cm_rcp_scen “chooses RCP scenario”

(none): no RCP scenario, standard setting
(rcp20): RCP2.0
(rcp26): RCP2.6
(rcp37): RCP3.7 [currently not operational: test and verify before using it!]
(rcp45): RCP4.5
(rcp60): RCP6.0 [currently not operational: test and verify before using it!]
(rcp85): RCP8.5 [currently not operational: test and verify before using it!]

$setglobal cm_rcp_scen  none         !! def = "none"  !! regexp = none|rcp20|rcp26|rcp37|rcp45|rcp60|rcp85

cm_NDC_version “choose version year of NDC targets as well as conditional vs. unconditional targets” * (2024_cond): all NDCs conditional to international financial support published until August 31, 2024 * (2024_uncond): all NDCs independent of international financial support published until August 31, 2024 * (2023_cond): all NDCs conditional to international financial support published until December 31, 2023 * (2023_uncond): all NDCs independent of international financial support published until December 31, 2023 * Other supported years are 2022, 2021 and 2018, always containing NDCs published until December 31 of that year

$setglobal cm_NDC_version  2024_cond    !! def = "2024_cond"  !! regexp = 20(18|2[1-4])_(un)?cond

cm_netZeroScen “choose scenario of net zero targets of netZero realization of module 46_carbonpriceRegi”

(NGFS_v4): settings used for NGFS v4, 2023 (NGFS_v4_20pc): settings used for NGFS v4, 2023, with still 20% of 2020 emissions in netZero year (ELEVATE2p3): settings used for ELEVATE2p3 LTS and NDC-LTS scenario

$setglobal cm_netZeroScen  NGFS_v4     !! def = "NGFS_v4"  !! regexp = NGFS_v4|NGFS_v4_20pc|ELEVATE2p3

c_regi_earlyreti_rate “maximum percentage of capital stock that can be retired early (before reaching their expected lifetimes) in one year in specified regions, if they are not economically viable. It is applied to all techs unless otherwise specified in c_tech_earlyreti_rate.”
GLO 0.09, EUR_regi 0.15: default value. (0.09 means full retirement after 11 years, 10% standing after 10 years)

$setglobal c_regi_earlyreti_rate  GLO 0.09, EUR_regi 0.15      !! def = GLO 0.09, EUR_regi 0.15

c_tech_earlyreti_rate “maximum percentage of capital stock of specific technologies that can be retired early in one year in specified regions. This switch overrides c_regi_earlyreti_rate to allow for fine-tuning of phase-out schedules, e.g. for implementation of certain policies or anticipated trends.”
GLO.(biodiesel 0.14, bioeths 0.1), EUR_regi.(biodiesel 0.15, bioeths 0.15), USA_regi.pc 0.13, REF_regi.pc 0.13, CHA_regi.pc 0.13: default value, including retirement of 1st gen biofuels, higher rate of coal phase-out for USA, REF and CHA

$setglobal c_tech_earlyreti_rate  GLO.(biodiesel 0.14, bioeths 0.14), EUR_regi.(biodiesel 0.15, bioeths 0.15), USA_regi.pc 0.13, REF_regi.pc 0.13, CHA_regi.pc 0.13 !! def = GLO.(biodiesel 0.14, bioeths 0.14), EUR_regi.(biodiesel 0.15, bioeths 0.15), USA_regi.pc 0.13, REF_regi.pc 0.13, CHA_regi.pc 0.13
$setglobal cm_LU_emi_scen  SSP2   !! def = SSP2  !! regexp = SSP(1|2|3|5)|SSP2_lowEn
$setGlobal cm_regi_bioenergy_EFTax  glob  !! def = glob
$setglobal cm_tradbio_phaseout  default  !! def = default  !! regexp = default|fast
$setglobal cm_maxProdBiolc  off  !! def = off  !! regexp = off|is.nonnegative
$setGLobal cm_bioprod_regi_lim off  !! def off

cm_POPscen “Population growth scenarios from UN data and IIASA projection used in SSP”

pop_SSP1 “SSP1 population scenario”
pop_SSP2 “SSP2 population scenario”
pop_SSP2EU “SSP2 population scenario”
pop_SSP3 “SSP3 population scenario”
pop_SSP4 “SSP4 population scenario”
pop_SSP5 “SSP5 population scenario”

$setglobal cm_POPscen  pop_SSP2  !! def = pop_SSP2

cm_GDPscen “assumptions about future GDP development, linked to population development (cm_POPscen)”

(gdp_SSP1): SSP1 fastGROWTH medCONV
(gdp_SSP2): SSP2 medGROWTH medCONV
(gdp_SSP2EU): SSP2 medGROWTH medCONV
(gdp_SSP3): SSP3 slowGROWTH slowCONV
(gdp_SSP4): SSP4 medGROWTH mixedCONV
(gdp_SSP5): SSP5 fastGROWTH fastCONV

$setglobal cm_GDPscen  gdp_SSP2  !! def = gdp_SSP2
$setGlobal cm_oil_scen  medOil         !! def = medOil  !! regexp = lowOil|medOil|highOil|4
$setGlobal cm_gas_scen  medGas         !! def = medGas  !! regexp = lowGas|medGas|highGas
$setGlobal cm_coal_scen  medCoal        !! def = medCoal  !! regexp = 0|lowCoal|medCoal|highCoal

c_ccsinjecrateRegi “regional upper bound of the CCS injection rate, overwrites for specified regions the settings set with c_ccsinjecratescen”
(“off”) no regional differentiation
(“GLO 0.005”) reproduces c_ccsinjecratescen = 1
(“GLO 0.00125, CAZ_regi 0.0045, CHA_regi 0.004, EUR_regi 0.0045, IND_regi 0.004, JPN_regi 0.002, USA_regi 0.002”) “example that is taylored such that NDC goals are achieved without excessive CCS in a delayed transition scenario. Globally, 75% reduction, 10% reduction in CAZ etc. compared to reference case with c_ccsinjecratescen = 1”

$setglobal c_ccsinjecrateRegi  off  !! def = "off"
$setglobal c_SSP_forcing_adjust  forcing_SSP2   !! def = forcing_SSP2  !! regexp = forcing_SSP(1|2|3|5)
$setGlobal cm_regiExoPrice  off    !! def = off
$setGlobal cm_emiMktTarget  off    !! def = off
$setGlobal cm_emiMktTarget_tolerance  GLO 0.01    !! def = GLO 0.01
$setGlobal cm_scaleDemand  off    !! def = off
$setGlobal cm_quantity_regiCO2target  off !! def = off
$setGlobal cm_dispatchSetyDown  off   !! def = off  The amount that te producing any sety can dispatch less (in percent) - so setting "20" in a cm_dispatchSetyDown column in scenario_config will allow the model to reduce the output of this te by 20%
$setGlobal cm_dispatchSeelDown  off   !! def = off  The amount that te producing seel can dispatch less (in percent) (overrides cm_dispatchSetyDown for te producing seel)

cm_NucRegiPol “enable European region specific nuclear phase-out and new capacitiy constraints”

$setGlobal cm_NucRegiPol   off   !! def = off

cm_CoalRegiPol “enable European region specific coal phase-out and new capacitiy constraints”

$setGlobal cm_CoalRegiPol   off   !! def = off

cm_proNucRegiPol “enable European region specific pro nuclear capacitiy constraints”

$setGlobal cm_proNucRegiPol   off   !! def = off
$setGlobal cm_CCSRegiPol     off   !! def = off
$setGlobal cm_vehiclesSubsidies  off !! def = off
$setGlobal cm_implicitQttyTarget  off !! def = off
$setGlobal cm_implicitQttyTargetType  config !! def = config !! regexp = config|scenario
$setGlobal cm_loadFromGDX_implicitQttyTargetTax  off  !! def = off  !! regexp = off|on
$setGlobal cm_implicitQttyTarget_delay  iteration 15  !! def = iteration 15, quantity targets only start after iteration 15
$setGlobal cm_implicitPriceTarget  off  !! def = off  !! regexp = off|initial|elecPrice|H2Price|highElec|highGasandLiq|highPrice|lowElec|lowPrice
$setGlobal cm_implicitPePriceTarget  off  !! def = off  !! regexp = off|highFossilPrice
$setGlobal cm_VREminShare    off !! def = off
$setGlobal cm_CCSmaxBound    off  !! def = off
$setGlobal c_tech_CO2capturerate    off  !! def = off
$setglobal c_CES_calibration_new_structure  0     !!  def  =  0  !! regexp = 0|1
$setglobal c_CES_calibration_write_prices  0     !!  def  =  0  !! regexp = 0|1
$setglobal cm_CES_calibration_default_prices  0.01  !!  def  =  0.01
$setglobal cm_in_limit_price_change "ue_steel_primary, kap_steel_primary"   !! def = ""
$setglobal cm_calibration_string  off    !!  def  =  off
$setglobal cm_techcosts  REG       !! def = REG  !! regexp = REG|REG2040|GLO
$setglobal cm_floorCostScen default       !! def = default
$setGlobal cm_EDGEtr_scen  Mix1  !! def = Mix1
$setglobal cm_steel_secondary_max_share_scenario  off !! def off , switch on for maximum secondary steel share
$setGlobal cm_import_tax off !! def = off  !! regexp = .*(worldPricemarkup|CO2taxmarkup|avCO2taxmarkup|off).*
$setGlobal cm_import_EU  off !! def off
$setGlobal cm_import_ariadne  off !! def off
$setGlobal cm_PriceDurSlope_elh2 GLO 20 !! def = GLO 20
$setGlobal cm_trade_SE_exog off !! def off
$setGlobal cm_SEtaxRampUpParam  GLO.elh2.a 0.2, GLO.elh2.b 20, EUR_regi.elh2.a 0.15, EUR_regi.elh2.b 40    !! def = GLO.elh2.a 0.2, GLO.elh2.b 20, EUR_regi.elh2.a 0.15, EUR_regi.elh2.b 40
$setGlobal cm_EnSecScen  off !! def off
$setGlobal cm_EnSecScen_price  off !! def off
$setGlobal cm_indstExogScen  off !! def off
$setGLobal cm_exogDem_scen off !! def off  !! regexp = off|ariadne_(bal|ensec|highDem|lowDem)
$setGlobal cm_Ger_Pol  off !! def off
$setGlobal cm_altFeEmiFac  off        !! def = off
$setglobal cm_eni  off  !! def = off
$setglobal cm_enb  off  !! def = off
$setglobal cm_incolearn  off !! def = off
$setglobal cm_storageFactor  off !! def = off
$setglobal cm_learnRate  off !! def = off
$setglobal cm_adj_seed  off
$setglobal cm_adj_seed_cont  off
$setglobal cm_adj_coeff  off
$setglobal cm_adj_coeff_cont  off
$setglobal cm_adj_seed_multiplier  off
$setglobal cm_adj_coeff_multiplier  off

(off): no scale-factor, use default investment costs (inco0) values
(any value ge 0) list of techs with respective factor to change inco0 value by a multiplication factor. (e.g. “ccsinje 0.5,bioigccc 0.66) Note: if %cm_techcosts% ==”GLO”, switch will not work for policy runs, i.e. cm_startyear > 2005, for pc, ngt and ngcc as this gets overwritten in 05_initialCap module

$setglobal cm_inco0Factor  off !! def = off

def <- “off” = use default p_inco0 values.
or list of techs with respective factor to change p_inco0 value by a multiplication factor. (ex. “windon 0.33, spv 0.33” makes investment costs for windon and spv 3 times cheaper)
(note: if %cm_techcosts% == “GLO”, switch will not work for policy runs, i.e. cm_startyear > 2005, for pc, ngt and ngcc as this gets overwritten in 05_initialCap module)

$setglobal cm_inco0RegiFactor  off  !! def = off
$setglobal cm_ccsinjeCost med !! def = med !! regexp = med|low|high
$setglobal cm_CCS_markup  off  !! def = off
$setglobal cm_Industry_CCS_markup  off !! def = off
$setglobal cm_renewables_floor_cost  off  !! def = off
$setglobal cm_sehe_upper  off !! def = off
$setglobal cm_rcp_scen_build  none   !! def = "none"
$setGlobal cm_pushCalib  none  !! def = none
$setGlobal cm_reducCostB  none  !! def = none
$setGlobal cm_effHP  5  !! def = 5
$setGlobal cm_CESMkup_build  standard  !! def = standard
$setGlobal cm_CESMkup_ind        standard  !! def = standard
$setGlobal cm_CESMkup_ind_data   ""        !! def = ""
$setGlobal cm_fxIndUe        off   !! def = off  !! regexp = off|on
$setGlobal cm_fxIndUeReg     ""    !! def = ""
$setglobal cm_taxCO2_functionalForm   linear    !! def = "linear"  !! regexp = linear|exponential
$setglobal cm_taxCO2_historical       gdx_ref    !! def = "gdx_ref"  !! regexp = gdx_ref|is.nonnegative
$setglobal cm_taxCO2_historicalYr     last    !! def = "last"  !! regexp = last|is.nonnegative
$setglobal cm_taxCO2_regiDiff         initialSpread10    !! def = "initialSpread10"  !! regexp = none|initialSpread10|initialSpread20|gdpSpread
$setglobal cm_taxCO2_regiDiff_endYr   "GLO 2050"    !! def = "GLO 2050"
$setglobal cm_taxCO2_interpolation  off    !! def = "off"
$setglobal cm_taxCO2_startYearValue !! def = "off"
$setglobal cm_taxCO2_lowerBound_path_gdx_ref  on    !! def = "on" !! regexp = on|off
$setglobal cm_ind_energy_limit          default   !! def = default   !! regexp = default|manual
$setglobal cm_ind_energy_limit_manual   "2050 . GLO . (ue_cement, ue_steel_primary, ue_steel_secondary)   0.75, 2100 . GLO . (ue_chemicals, ue_otherInd)   0.90"
$setglobal cm_wasteIncinerationCCSshare  off      !! def = off
$setglobal cm_wastelag NO   !! def = NO   !! regexp = YES|NO
$setglobal cm_feedstockEmiUnknownFate  off      !! def = off
$setglobal cm_feShareLimits  off  !! def = off
$setGlobal c_VREPot_Factor  off  !! def = off
$setGlobal cm_FEtax_trajectory_abs  off !! def = off
$setGlobal cm_FEtax_trajectory_rel  off !! def = off
$setGLobal c_agricult_base_shift off !! def off
$setglobal cm_INCONV_PENALTY  on         !! def = on  !! regexp = off|on
$setglobal cm_INCONV_PENALTY_FESwitch  on !! def = on  !! regexp = off|on
$setglobal cm_seFeSectorShareDevMethod  sqSectorAvrgShare !! def = sqSectorAvrgShare  !! regexp = off|sqSectorShare|sqSectorAvrgShare|minMaxAvrgShare
$setglobal c_seFeSectorShareDevUnit  share !! def = share  !! regexp = share|energy
$setGlobal cm_MOFEX  off        !! def = off  !! regexp = off|on
$setGlobal cm_limitSolidsFossilRegi off
$setGlobal cm_Full_Integration  off     !! def = off  !! regexp = off|on

MAGICC configuration either uncalibrated or calibrate year 2000 temperature to HADCRUT4 data (which is very close to AR5).

$setGlobal cm_magicc_calibrateTemperature2000  uncalibrated  !! def = uncalibrated

Derive temperature impulse response to CO2 emissions, based on MAGICC. Adds around 10min runtime.

$setGlobal cm_magicc_temperatureImpulseResponse  off           !! def = off  !! regexp = off|on

MAGICC configuration roughly comparable to TCRE value, or even more roughly, equivalent climate sensitivity choose from OLDDEFAULT (REMIND1.7 legacy file); or different percentiles of RCP26 or generic TCRE outcomes calibrated to CMIP5 (see Schultes et al. (2018) for details)

$setGlobal cm_magicc_config  OLDDEFAULT    !! def = OLDDEFAULT ; {OLDDEFAULT, RCP26_[5,15,..,95], TCRE_[LOWEST,LOW,MEDIUM,HIGH,HIGHEST] }

climate damages (HowardNonCatastrophic, DICE2013R, DICE2016, HowardNonCatastrophic, HowardInclCatastrophic, KWcross, KWpanelPop}

$setGlobal cm_damage_DiceLike_specification  HowardNonCatastrophic   !! def = HowardNonCatastrophic
$setGlobal cm_KotzWenzPerc mean !! def = mean !! regexp = low|med|mean|high
$setGlobal cm_damage_Labor_exposure  low    !! def = low  !! regexp = low|high
$setGlobal cm_TCssp  SSP2  !! def = SSP2  !! regexp = SSP2|SSP5
$setGlobal cm_TCpers  8  !! def = 8  !! regexp = [0-9]
$setGlobal cm_TCspec  mean  !! def = mean  !! regexp = mean|median|95|05|83|17
$setglobal cm_transpGDPscale  off  !! def = off  !! regexp = off|on
$setGlobal c_skip_output  off        !! def = off  !! regexp = off|on
$setglobal cm_CO2TaxSectorMarkup  off   !! def = off
$setGlobal c_regi_nucscen  all  !! def = all
$setGlobal c_regi_capturescen  all  !! def = all
$setglobal cm_subsec_model_steel  processes  !! def = processes  !! regexp = processes|ces
$setglobal cm_tech_bounds_2025  on  !! def = on  !! regexp = on|off
$setGlobal cm_conoptv  conopt3    !! def = conopt3

c_empty_model “Short-circuit the model, just use the input as solution”

(off): normal model operation, default (on): no model operation, instead input.gdx is copied to fulldata.gdx

$setGlobal c_empty_model   off    !! def = off  !! regexp = off|on
$setglobal cm_secondary_steel_bound  scenario   !! def = scenario
$setglobal c_GDPpcScen  SSP2     !! def = gdp_SSP2   (automatically adjusted by start_run() based on GDPscen)
$setglobal cm_demScen  gdp_SSP2     !! def = gdp_SSP2
$setGlobal c_scaleEmiHistorical  on  !! def = on  !! regexp = off|on
$SetGlobal cm_quick_mode  off          !! def = off  !! regexp = off|on
$setGLobal cm_debug_preloop  off    !! def = off  !! regexp = off|on

cm_APscen “air polution scenario” (SSP2): (SSP5): (CLE): Current Legislation Emissions (MFR): Maximum Feasible Reductions

$setGlobal cm_APscen  SSP2          !! def = SSP2
$setglobal cm_CES_configuration  indu_subsectors-buil_simple-tran_edge_esm-POP_pop_SSP2-GDP_gdp_SSP2-En_gdp_SSP2-Kap_debt_limit-Reg_62eff8f7   !! this will be changed by start_run()
$setglobal c_CES_calibration_iterations  10     !!  def  =  10
$setglobal c_CES_calibration_industry_FE_target  1

setting which region is to be tested in the one-region test run (80_optimization = testOneRegi)

$setglobal c_testOneRegi_region  EUR       !! def = EUR  !! regexp = [A-Z]{3}

cm_taxrc_RE “switch to define whether tax on (CO2 content of) energy imports is recycled to additional direct investments in renewables (wind, solar and storage)”

$setglobal cm_taxrc_RE  none   !! def = none   !! regexp = none|REdirect

cm_repeatNonOpt “should nonoptimal regions be solved again?”

(off): no, only infeasable regions are repeated, standard setting
(on): also non-optimal regions are solved again, up to cm_solver_try_max

$setglobal cm_repeatNonOpt off      !! def = off  !! regexp = off|on

Interfaces

Interface plot missing!

REMIND - REgional Model of INvestments and Development

3.4.0

Configuration (00_configuration)

Description

Configuration - Settings for Scenarios:

MODULES

SWITCHES

FLAGS

Interfaces

Realizations

References