Industry (37_industry)
Description
This module models final energy use in the industry sector and its subsectors, as well as the emissions generated by them.
Interfaces
Interface plot missing!
module inputs (A: fixed_shares | B: subsectors)
| cm_CCS_cement |
CCS for cement sub-sector |
|
x |
x |
| cm_CCS_chemicals |
CCS for chemicals sub-sector |
|
x |
x |
| cm_CCS_steel |
CCS for steel sub-sector |
|
x |
x |
| cm_emiscen |
policy scenario choice |
|
|
x |
| cm_IndCCSscen |
CCS for Industry |
|
x |
x |
| cm_indst_costDecayStart |
simplified logistic function end of full value (ex. 5% -> between 0 and 5% the simplified logistic function will have the value 1). |
\(\%\) |
x |
|
| cm_indst_H2costAddH2Inv |
additional h2 distribution costs for low diffusion levels (default value: 3.25$kg = 0.1 $/kWh) |
|
x |
|
| cm_indst_H2costDecayEnd |
simplified logistic function start of null value (ex. 10% -> between 10% and 100% the simplified logistic function will have the value 0). |
\(\%\) |
x |
|
| cm_optimisticMAC |
assume optimistic Industry MAC from AR5 Ch. 10? |
|
x |
|
| cm_startyear |
first optimized modelling time step |
\(year\) |
x |
x |
pm_calibrate_eff_scale
(all_in, all_in, eff_scale_par) |
parameters for scaling efficiencies in CES calibration |
|
|
x |
pm_CementAbatementPrice
(ttot, all_regi) |
CO2 price used during calculation of cement demand reduction |
\(\$/tCO2\) |
x |
|
pm_CementDemandReductionCost
(tall, all_regi) |
cost of reducing cement demand |
\(tn\$2005\) |
x |
x |
pm_cesdata
(tall, all_regi, all_in, cesParameter) |
parameters of the CES function |
|
x |
x |
pm_cesdata_sigma
(ttot, all_in) |
elasticities of substitution |
|
x |
x |
pm_delta_kap
(all_regi, all_in) |
Depreciation rate of capital. |
|
|
x |
pm_emifac
(tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, all_te, all_enty) |
emission factor by technology for all types of emissions in emiTe |
|
x |
x |
pm_exogDemScen
(ttot, all_regi, exogDemScen, all_in) |
Exogenous demand trajectories to fix CES function to specific quantity trajectories |
|
|
x |
pm_fedemand
(tall, all_regi, all_in) |
final energy demand |
|
|
x |
pm_FEPrice
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, sector, emiMkt) |
parameter to capture all FE prices across sectors and markets (tr$2005/TWa) |
|
x |
x |
pm_macAbat
(tall, all_regi, all_enty, steps) |
abatement levels based on data from van Vuuren |
\(fraction\) |
x |
x |
pm_macAbatLev
(tall, all_regi, all_enty) |
actual level of abatement per time step, region, and source |
\(fraction\) |
x |
x |
pm_macCostSwitch
(all_enty) |
switch to include mac costs in the code (e.g. in coupled scenarios, we want to include the costs in REMIND, but MAC effects on emissions are calculated in MAgPIE) |
|
x |
|
pm_macStep
(tall, all_regi, all_enty) |
step number of abatement level |
\(integer\) |
x |
x |
pm_macSwitch
(all_enty) |
switch to include mac option in the code |
|
x |
x |
pm_ppfen_shares
(ttot, all_regi, all_in, all_in) |
Limit the share of one ppfEn in total CES nest inputs. |
|
x |
|
pm_priceCO2forMAC
(tall, all_regi, all_enty) |
carbon price defined for MAC gases |
\(\$/tC\) |
x |
|
pm_ResidualCementDemand
(tall, all_regi) |
reduction in cemend demand (and thus process emissions) due to climate policy |
\(0...1\) |
x |
|
pm_secBioShare
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, emi_sectors) |
share of biomass per carrier for each sector |
|
|
x |
pm_shfe_lo
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, emi_sectors) |
Final energy shares exogenous lower bounds per sector |
|
x |
|
pm_shfe_up
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, emi_sectors) |
Final energy shares exogenous upper bounds per sector |
|
x |
|
pm_shGasLiq_fe_lo
(ttot, all_regi, emi_sectors) |
Final energy gases plus liquids shares exogenous lower bounds per sector |
|
x |
|
pm_shGasLiq_fe_up
(ttot, all_regi, emi_sectors) |
Final energy gases plus liquids shares exogenous upper bounds per sector |
|
x |
|
pm_tau_ces_tax
(ttot, all_regi, all_in) |
ces production tax to implement CES mark-up cost in a budget-neutral way |
|
|
x |
pm_ttot_val
(ttot) |
value of ttot set element |
|
x |
|
qm_budget
(ttot, all_regi) |
Budget balance |
|
x |
x |
| sm_dmac |
step in MAC functions |
\(US\$\) |
x |
x |
| sm_eps |
small number: 1e-9 |
|
x |
x |
| sm_tmp |
temporary scalar that can be used locally |
|
x |
x |
| sm_tmp2 |
temporary scalar that can be used locally |
|
|
x |
| sm_trillion_2_non |
trillion to non |
|
x |
|
| sm_TWa_2_kWh |
tera Watt year to kilo Watt hour |
|
x |
|
| sm_TWa_2_MWh |
tera Watt year to Mega Watt hour |
|
|
x |
vm_cap
(tall, all_regi, all_te, rlf) |
net total capacities |
|
|
x |
vm_capFac
(ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
capacity factor of conversion technologies |
|
|
x |
vm_cesIO
(tall, all_regi, all_in) |
Production factor |
|
x |
x |
vm_costAddTeInv
(tall, all_regi, all_te, emi_sectors) |
additional sector-specific investment cost of demand-side transformation |
|
x |
|
vm_costCESMkup
(ttot, all_regi, all_in) |
CES markup cost to represent demand-side technology cost of end-use transformation |
\(trUSD/TWa\) |
x |
x |
vm_demFeSector_afterTax
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, emi_sectors, all_emiMkt) |
fe demand per sector and emission market after tax. Demand sectors should use this variable in their fe balance equations so demand side marginals include taxes effects. |
\(TWa\) |
x |
x |
vm_effGr
(ttot, all_regi, all_in) |
growth of factor efficiency |
|
x |
|
vm_macBase
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty) |
baseline emissions for all emissions subject to MACCs (type emismac) |
|
x |
|
vm_Mport
(tall, all_regi, all_enty) |
Import of traded commodity. |
|
|
x |
vm_Xport
(tall, all_regi, all_enty) |
Export of traded commodity. |
|
|
x |
Output
module outputs
pm_abatparam_Ind
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, steps) |
industry CCS MAC curves |
\(ratio @ US\$2005\) |
pm_energy_limit
(all_in) |
|
|
pm_IndstCO2Captured
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, secInd37, all_emiMkt) |
Captured CO2 in industry by energy carrier, subsector and emissions market |
|
pm_ue_eff_target
(all_in) |
energy efficiency target trajectories |
\(\% p.a.\) |
vm_emiIndCCS
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty) |
industry CCS emissions |
\(GtC/a\) |
vm_IndCCSCost
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty) |
industry CCS cost |
|
vm_macBaseInd
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, secInd37) |
industry CCS baseline emissions |
\(GtC/a\) |
Realizations
(A) fixed_shares
The region-specific shares of final energy use in industry subsectors (cement, chemicals, and steel production, as well as all other industry production) are kept constant on the 2005 level. This potentially overestimates the potential for electrification and thus underestimates the emissions, especially from coal in the steel and cement sectors.
Subsector-specific MAC curves for CCS are applied to emissions calculated from energy use and emission factors.
Industry Final Energy Balance
\[\begin{multline*}
\sum_{\left(entySe,te\right)\$se2fe(entySe,entyFe,te)}\left(
vm\_demFeSector\_afterTax(ttot,regi,entySe,entyFe,"indst",emiMkt)
\right)
=
\sum_{in\$\left(fe2ppfEn(entyFe,in) and ppfen\_industry\_dyn37(in)\right)}\left(
\left( vm\_cesIO(ttot,regi,in)
+ pm\_cesdata(ttot,regi,in,"offset\_quantity")
\right) \cdot \sum_{secInd37\$secInd37\_emiMkt(secInd37,emiMkt)} p37\_shIndFE(regi,in,secInd37)
\right)
\end{multline*}\]
Baseline (emitted and captured) emissions by final energy carrier and industry subsector are calculated from final energy use in industry, the subsectors’ shares in that final energy carriers use, and the emission factor the final energy carrier.
\[\begin{multline*}
vm\_macBaseInd(ttot,regi,entyFE,secInd37)
=
\sum_{\left(fe2ppfEn(entyFE,in),ces\_industry\_dyn37("enhi",in)\right)\$entyFeCC37(entyFe)}\left(
\left( vm\_cesIO(ttot,regi,in) + pm\_cesdata(ttot,regi,in,"offset\_quantity") \right)
\cdot p37\_shIndFE(regi,in,secInd37)
\cdot \sum_{\left(entySe,te\right)\$\left(se2fe(entySe,entyFe,te) and entySeFos(entySe)\right)} pm\_emifac(ttot,regi,entySe,entyFe,te,"co2")
\right)
\end{multline*}\]
The maximum abatable emissions of a given type (industry subsector, fuel or process) are calculated from the baseline emissions and the possible abatement level (depending on the carbon price of the previous iteration).
\[\begin{multline*}
v37\_emiIndCCSmax(ttot,regi,emiInd37)
=
\sum_{emiMac2mac(emiInd37,macInd37)}\left(
\left( \sum_{secInd37\_2\_emiInd37(secInd37,emiInd37),entyFE}\left(
vm\_macBaseInd(ttot,regi,entyFE,secInd37)
\right)\$\left( NOT sameas(emiInd37,"co2cement\_process") \right)
+ \left(
vm\_macBaseInd(ttot,regi,"co2cement\_process","cement")
\right)\$ sameas(emiInd37,"co2cement\_process")
\right)
\cdot pm\_macSwitch(macInd37)
\cdot pm\_macAbatLev(ttot,regi,macInd37)
\right)
\end{multline*}\]
Industry CCS is limited to below the maximum abatable emissions.
\[\begin{multline*}
vm\_emiIndCCS(ttot,regi,emiInd37)
\leq
v37\_emiIndCCSmax(ttot,regi,emiInd37)
\end{multline*}\]
The CCS capture rates of cement fuel and process emissions are identical, as they are captured in the same installation.
\[\begin{multline*}
vm\_emiIndCCS(ttot,regi,"co2cement")
\cdot v37\_emiIndCCSmax(ttot,regi,"co2cement\_process")
=
vm\_emiIndCCS(ttot,regi,"co2cement\_process")
\cdot v37\_emiIndCCSmax(ttot,regi,"co2cement")
\end{multline*}\]
Industry CCS costs (by subsector) are equal to the integral below the MAC cost curve. For the calculation, consider this figure: 
To make the calculations involving MAC curves leaner, they are discretised into 5 $/tC steps (parameter sm_dmac) and transformed into step-wise curves. The parameter pm_macStep holds the current step on the MAC curve the model is on (given the CO2 price of the last iteration), and pm_macAbat holds the abatement level (as a fraction) on that step. The emission abatement equals the area under the MAC curve (turqoise area in the figure). To calculate it, pm_macStep is multiplied by pm_macAbat (the horizontal and vertical lines enclosing the coloured rectangle in the
\[\begin{multline*}
vm\_IndCCSCost(ttot,regi,emiInd37)
=
1e-3
\cdot pm\_macSwitch(emiInd37)
\cdot \left( \sum_{enty,secInd37\_2\_emiInd37(secInd37,emiInd37)}\left(
vm\_macBaseInd(ttot,regi,enty,secInd37)
\right)\$\left( NOT sameas(emiInd37,"co2cement\_process") \right)
+ \left(
vm\_macBaseInd(ttot,regi,"co2cement\_process","cement")
\right)\$ sameas(emiInd37,"co2cement\_process")
\right)
\cdot sm\_dmac
\cdot \sum_{emiMac2mac(emiInd37,enty)}\left(
\left( pm\_macStep(ttot,regi,emiInd37)
\cdot \sum_{steps\$\left( ord(steps) eq pm\_macStep(ttot,regi,emiInd37) \right)}\left(
pm\_macAbat(ttot,regi,enty,steps)
\right)
\right)
- \sum_{steps\$\left( ord(steps) le pm\_macStep(ttot,regi,emiInd37) \right)}\left(
pm\_macAbat(ttot,regi,enty,steps)
\right)
\right)
\end{multline*}\]
Calculate sector-specific additional t&d cost (here only cost of hydrogen t&d at low hydrogen penetration levels when grid is not yet developed)
\[\begin{multline*}
vm\_costAddTeInv(t,regi,te,"indst")
=
v37\_costAddTeInvH2(t,regi,te)
\end{multline*}\]
Additional hydrogen phase-in cost at low H2 penetration levels
\[\begin{multline*}
v37\_costAddTeInvH2(t,regi,"tdh2s")
=
\left(\frac{1 }{ \left(1 + \left(3 ^{ v37\_costExponent(t,regi)}\right)\right)}\right)
\cdot \left( s37\_costAddH2Inv
\cdot \frac{ sm\_TWa\_2\_kWh }{ sm\_trillion\_2\_non
} \cdot \sum_{emiMkt} vm\_demFeSector\_afterTax(t,regi,"seh2","feh2s","indst",emiMkt)
\right)
+ \left(v37\_expSlack(t,regi) \cdot 1e-8\right)
\end{multline*}\]
Logistic function exponent for additional hydrogen low penetration cost equation
\[\begin{multline*}
v37\_costExponent(t,regi)
=
\left( \left(\frac{10}{\left(s37\_costDecayEnd-s37\_costDecayStart\right)}\right) \cdot \left( \left(v37\_H2share(t,regi)+1e-7\right) - \left(\frac{\left(s37\_costDecayEnd+s37\_costDecayStart\right)}{2}\right) \right) \right) - v37\_expSlack(t,regi)
\end{multline*}\]
Hydrogen fe share in industry gases use (natural gas + hydrogen)
\[\begin{multline*}
v37\_H2share(t,regi)
\cdot \sum_{emiMkt}\left(
\sum_{se2fe(entySe,entyFe,te)\$\left(SAMEAS(entyFe,"feh2s") OR SAMEAS(entyFe,"fegas")\right)}\left(
vm\_demFeSector\_afterTax(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,"indst",emiMkt)\right)\right)
=
\sum_{emiMkt}\left(
\sum\left(se2fe(entySe,entyFe,te)\$SAMEAS(entyFe,"feh2s"),
vm\_demFeSector\_afterTax(t,regi,entySe,entyFe,"indst",emiMkt)\right)\right)
\end{multline*}\]
CES markup cost to represent sector-specific demand-side transformation cost in industry
\[\begin{multline*}
vm\_costCESMkup(t,regi,in)
=
p37\_CESMkup(t,regi,in) \cdot \left(vm\_cesIO(t,regi,in) + pm\_cesdata(t,regi,in,"offset\_quantity")\right)
\end{multline*}\]
Limitations There are no known limitations.
(B) subsectors
subsectors models industry subsectors explicitly with individual CES nests for cement, chemicals, steel, and otherInd production.
Clinker-to-cement ratios converge to the lowest regional 2005 value by 2100. load baseline industry ETS solids demand
\[\begin{multline*}
v37\_demMatsEcon(t,regi,mats)
+ v37\_demMatsProc(t,regi,mats)
=
\sum_{matsOut2teMats(mats,teMats),teMats2opModes(teMats,opModes)}\left(
v37\_prodMats(t,regi,mats,teMats,opModes)
\right)
+ vm\_Mport(t,regi,mats)
- vm\_Xport(t,regi,mats)
\end{multline*}\]
\[\begin{multline*}
\sum_{teMats2opModes(teMats,opModes)}\left(
v37\_prodMats(t,regi,matsOut,teMats,opModes)
\right)
=
vm\_capFac(t,regi,teMats) \cdot vm\_cap(t,regi,teMats,"1")
\end{multline*}\]
\[\begin{multline*}
v37\_demMatsProc(t,regi,matsIn)
=
\sum_{teMats2matsIn(teMats,matsIn),matsOut2teMats(matsOut,teMats),teMats2opModes(teMats,opModes)}\left(
p37\_specMatsDem(matsIn,teMats,opModes) \cdot v37\_prodMats(t,regi,matsOut,teMats,opModes)
\right)
\end{multline*}\]
\[\begin{multline*}
v37\_demFEMats(t,regi,entyFe,emiMkt)
=
\sum_{secInd37\_emiMkt(secInd37,emiMkt)}\left(
\sum_{secInd37\_teMats(secInd37,teMats)}\left(
\sum_{teMats2opModes(teMats,opModes),matsOut2teMats(matsOut,teMats)}\left(
p37\_specFEDem(entyFe,teMats,opModes) \cdot v37\_prodMats(t,regi,matsOut,teMats,opModes)
\right)
\right)
\right)
\end{multline*}\]
Industry final energy balance
AND entyFe2Sector(entyFe,"indst") ) ..
sum(se2fe(entySE,entyFE,te),
vm_demFeSector_afterTax(ttot,regi,entySE,entyFE,"indst",emiMkt)
)
=e=
sum((fe2ppfEN(entyFE,ppfen_industry_dyn37(in)),
secInd37_emiMkt(secInd37,emiMkt),secInd37_2_pf(secInd37,in)),
vm_cesIO(ttot,regi,in)
+ pm_cesdata(ttot,regi,in,"offset_quantity")
)
$ifthen.process_based_steel "%cm_process_based_steel%" == "on"
+ v37_demFeMats(ttot,regi,entyFe,emiMkt)
$endif.process_based_steel
;
Thermodynamic limits on subsector energy demand
\[\begin{multline*}
\sum_{ces\_eff\_target\_dyn37(out,in)} vm\_cesIO(ttot,regi,in)
\geq
vm\_cesIO(ttot,regi,out)
\cdot p37\_energy\_limit\_slope(ttot,regi,out)
\end{multline*}\]
Limit the share of secondary steel to historic values, fading to 90 % in 2050
\[\begin{multline*}
vm\_cesIO(ttot,regi,"ue\_steel\_secondary")
\leq
\left( vm\_cesIO(ttot,regi,"ue\_steel\_primary")
+ vm\_cesIO(ttot,regi,"ue\_steel\_secondary")
\right)
\cdot p37\_steel\_secondary\_max\_share(ttot,regi)
\end{multline*}\]
Compute gross industry emissions before CCS by multiplying sub-sector energy use with fuel-specific emission factors.
\[\begin{multline*}
vm\_macBaseInd(ttot,regi,entyFE,secInd37)
=
\sum_{secInd37\_2\_pf\left(secInd37,ppfen\_industry\_dyn37(in)\right),
fe2ppfen\left(entyFECC37(entyFE),in\right)}\left(
vm\_cesIO(ttot,regi,in)
\cdot \sum_{se2fe(entySEfos,entyFE,te)}\left(
pm\_emifac(ttot,regi,entySEfos,entyFE,te,"co2")
\right)
\right)
\end{multline*}\]
Compute maximum possible CCS level in industry sub-sectors given the current CO2 price.
\[\begin{multline*}
v37\_emiIndCCSmax(ttot,regi,emiInd37)
=
\sum_{emiMac2mac(emiInd37,macInd37)}\left(
\left( \sum_{secInd37\_2\_emiINd37(secInd37,emiInd37),entyFE}\left(
vm\_macBaseInd(ttot,regi,entyFE,secInd37)
\right)\$\left( NOT sameas(emiInd37,"co2cement\_process") \right)
+ \left( vm\_macBaseInd(ttot,regi,"co2cement\_process","cement")
\right)\$ sameas(emiInd37,"co2cement\_process")
\right)
\cdot pm\_macSwitch(macInd37)
\cdot pm\_macAbatLev(ttot,regi,macInd37)
\right)
\end{multline*}\]
Limit industry CCS to maximum possible CCS level.
\[\begin{multline*}
vm\_emiIndCCS(ttot,regi,emiInd37)
\leq
v37\_emiIndCCSmax(ttot,regi,emiInd37)
\end{multline*}\]
Fix cement fuel and cement process emissions to the same abatement level.
\[\begin{multline*}
vm\_emiIndCCS(ttot,regi,"co2cement")
\cdot v37\_emiIndCCSmax(ttot,regi,"co2cement\_process")
=
vm\_emiIndCCS(ttot,regi,"co2cement\_process")
\cdot v37\_emiIndCCSmax(ttot,regi,"co2cement")
\end{multline*}\]
Calculate industry CCS costs.
\[\begin{multline*}
vm\_IndCCSCost(ttot,regi,emiInd37)
=
1e-3
\cdot pm\_macSwitch(emiInd37)
\cdot \left( \sum_{enty,secInd37\_2\_emiInd37(secInd37,emiInd37)}\left(
vm\_macBaseInd(ttot,regi,enty,secInd37)
\right)\$\left( NOT sameas(emiInd37,"co2cement\_process") \right)
+ \left( vm\_macBaseInd(ttot,regi,"co2cement\_process","cement")
\right)\$ sameas(emiInd37,"co2cement\_process")
\right)
\cdot sm\_dmac
\cdot \sum_{emiMac2mac(emiInd37,enty)}\left(
\left( pm\_macStep(ttot,regi,enty)
\cdot \sum_{steps\$\left( ord(steps) eq pm\_macStep(ttot,regi,enty) \right)}\left(
pm\_macAbat(ttot,regi,enty,steps)
\right)
\right)
- \sum_{steps\$\left( ord(steps) le pm\_macStep(ttot,regi,enty) \right)}\left(
pm\_macAbat(ttot,regi,enty,steps)
\right)
\right)
\end{multline*}\]
CES markup cost that are accounted in the budget (GDP) to represent sector-specific demand-side transformation cost in industry
\[\begin{multline*}
vm\_costCESMkup(t,regi,in)
=
p37\_CESMkup(t,regi,in)
\cdot \left(vm\_cesIO(t,regi,in) + pm\_cesdata(t,regi,in,"offset\_quantity")\right)
\end{multline*}\]
Limit biomass solids use in industry to 25% (or historic shares, if they are higher) of baseline solids Cement CCS might otherwise become a compelling BioCCS option under very high carbon prices due to missing adjustment costs.
The process emissions from cement production are calculated using a fixed CO2-to-clinker ratio (0.5262 kg CO2/kg clinker), region-specific clinker-to-cement ratios, and the cement production from the production function. Last iteration’s cement production value is used, since the MAC mechanism is outside of the optimisation loop.
Limitations There are no known limitations.
Definitions
Objects
module-internal objects (A: fixed_shares | B: subsectors)
f37_steel_secondary_max_share
(tall, all_regi, all_GDPscen) |
maximum share of secondary steel production |
|
|
x |
o37_cementProcessEmissions
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty) |
cement process emissions |
\(GtC/a\) |
x |
x |
o37_CESderivatives
(ttot, all_regi, all_in, all_in) |
derivatives of production CES function |
|
x |
|
o37_demFeIndSub
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_enty, secInd37, all_emiMkt) |
FE demand per industry subsector, FE carrier, SE carrier, emissions market |
|
x |
x |
o37_demFeIndSub_SecCC
(ttot, all_regi, secInd37) |
FE per subsector whose emissions can be captured, helper parameter for calculation of industry captured CO2 |
|
x |
x |
o37_demFeIndTotEn
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt) |
total FE per energy carrier and emissions market in industry (sum over subsectors) |
|
|
x |
o37_emiInd
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, secInd37, all_enty) |
industry CCS emissions |
\(GtC/a\) |
x |
x |
o37_shIndFE
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, secInd37, all_emiMkt) |
share of subsector in FE industry energy carriers and emissions markets |
|
|
x |
p37_arcane_FE_limits
(all_in, all_in) |
minimum ratio of feelhth/feelwlth and feh2/fega (may be needed for calibration) |
|
|
x |
p37_BAU_industry_ETS_solids
(tall, all_regi) |
industry solids demand in baseline scenario |
|
|
x |
p37_cesdata_sigma
(all_in) |
substitution elasticities |
|
x |
x |
p37_cesIO_baseline
(tall, all_regi, all_in) |
vm_cesIO from the baseline scenario |
|
|
x |
p37_cesIO_up_steel_secondary
(tall, all_regi, all_GDPscen) |
upper limit to secondary steel production based on scrap availability |
|
|
x |
p37_CESMkup
(ttot, all_regi, all_in) |
CES markup cost parameter |
\(trUSD/CES input\) |
x |
x |
p37_CESMkup_input
(all_in) |
markup cost parameter read in from config for CES levels in industry to influence demand-side cost and efficiencies in CES tree |
\(trUSD/CES input\) |
x |
x |
p37_clinker_cement_ratio
(ttot, all_regi) |
clinker content per unit cement used |
|
|
x |
p37_energy_limit_slope
(tall, all_regi, all_in) |
limit for subsector specific energy demand that converges towards the thermodynamic/technical limit |
\(GJ/t product\) |
|
x |
p37_industry_quantity_targets
(ttot, all_regi, all_in) |
quantity targets for industry in policy scenarios |
|
|
x |
p37_shIndFE
(all_regi, all_in, secInd37) |
share of industry sub-sectors in FE use |
\(ratio\) |
x |
|
p37_specFeDem
(entyFe, teMats, opModes) |
Specific final-energy demand of a production technology and operation mode |
\(MWh/t_output\) |
|
x |
p37_specMatsDem
(mats, teMats, opModes) |
Specific materials demand of a production technology and operation mode |
\(t_input/t_output\) |
|
x |
p37_steel_secondary_max_share
(tall, all_regi) |
maximum share of secondary steel production |
|
|
x |
p37_steel_secondary_max_share_scenario
(tall, all_regi) |
scenario limits on share of secondary steel production |
|
|
x |
p37_steel_secondary_share
(tall, all_regi) |
endogenous values to fix rounding issues with p37_steel_secondary_max_share |
|
|
x |
q37_auxCostAddTeInv
(ttot, all_regi) |
auxiliar logistic function exponent calculation for additional hydrogen low penetration cost |
|
x |
|
q37_balMats
(tall, all_regi, all_enty) |
Balance of materials in material-flow model |
|
|
x |
q37_cementCCS
(ttot, all_regi) |
equal abatement levels for cement fuel and process emissions |
|
x |
x |
q37_costAddH2PhaseIn
(ttot, all_regi) |
calculation of additional industry hydrogen t&d cost at low penetration levels of hydrogen in industry |
|
x |
|
q37_costAddTeInv
(ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
summation of sector-specific demand-side cost |
|
x |
|
q37_costCESmarkup
(ttot, all_regi, all_in) |
calculation of additional CES markup cost to represent demand-side technology cost of end-use transformation, for example, cost of heat pumps etc. |
|
x |
x |
q37_demFeIndst
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt) |
industry final energy demand (per emission market) |
|
x |
x |
q37_demFEMats
(tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt) |
Final-energy demand of materail-flow model |
|
|
x |
q37_demMatsProc
(tall, all_regi, all_enty) |
Demand of process materials |
|
|
x |
q37_emiIndCCSmax
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty) |
calculate max industry CCS emissions |
|
x |
x |
q37_energy_limits
(ttot, all_regi, all_in) |
thermodynamic/technical limit of energy use |
|
|
x |
q37_H2Share
(ttot, all_regi) |
H2 share in gases |
|
x |
|
q37_indCCS
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty) |
calculate industry CCS emissions |
|
x |
|
q37_IndCCS
(ttot, all_regi, emiInd37) |
limit industry emissions abatement |
|
x |
x |
q37_IndCCSCost
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty) |
calculate cost for Industry CCS |
|
x |
x |
q37_limit_secondary_steel_share
(ttot, all_regi) |
no more than 90% of steel from seconday production |
|
|
x |
q37_limitCapMat
(tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_te) |
Material-flow conversion is limited by capacities |
|
|
x |
q37_macBaseInd
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty, secInd37) |
calculate industry CCS baseline emissions |
|
x |
x |
| s37_clinker_process_CO2 |
CO2 emissions per unit of clinker production |
|
|
x |
| s37_costAddH2Inv |
additional h2 distribution costs for low diffusion levels. |
\(\$/kWh\) |
x |
|
| s37_costDecayEnd |
simplified logistic function start of null value (ex. 10% -> between 10% and 100% the simplified logistic function will have the value 0). |
\(\%\) |
x |
|
| s37_costDecayStart |
simplified logistic function end of full value (ex. 5% -> between 0 and 5% the simplified logistic function will have the value 1). |
\(\%\) |
x |
|
v37_costAddTeInvH2
(ttot, all_regi, all_te) |
Additional hydrogen phase-in cost at low H2 penetration levels |
\(trUSD\) |
x |
|
v37_costExponent
(ttot, all_regi) |
logistic function exponent for additional hydrogen low penetration cost |
|
x |
|
v37_demFEMats
(tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_emiMkt) |
Final-energy demand of material-flow model |
|
|
x |
v37_demMatsEcon
(tall, all_regi, all_enty) |
External demand of materials from economy |
|
|
x |
v37_demMatsProc
(tall, all_regi, all_enty) |
Internal demand of materials from processes |
|
|
x |
v37_emiIndCCSmax
(ttot, all_regi, all_enty) |
max industry CCS emissions |
\(GtC/a\) |
x |
x |
v37_emIIndCCSmax
(ttot, all_regi, emiInd37) |
maximum abatable industry emissions |
|
|
x |
v37_expSlack
(ttot, all_regi) |
slack variable to avoid overflow on too high logistic function exponent |
|
x |
|
v37_H2share
(ttot, all_regi) |
H2 share in gases |
|
x |
|
v37_prodMats
(tall, all_regi, all_enty, all_te, opModes) |
Production of materials |
|
|
x |
Sets
sets in use
| all_emiMkt |
emission markets |
| all_enty |
all types of quantities |
| all_GDPscen |
all possible GDP scenarios |
| all_in |
all inputs and outputs of the CES function |
| all_regi |
all regions |
| all_te |
all energy technologies, including from modules |
| c_expname |
c_expname as set for use in GDX |
| cal_ppf_industry_dyn37(all_in) |
primary production factors for calibration - industry |
| ces_eff_target_dyn37(all_in, all_in) |
|
| ces_industry_dyn37(all_in, all_in) |
CES tree structure - industry |
| cesLevel2cesIO(counter, all_in) |
CES tree structure by level |
| cesOut2cesIn(all_in, all_in) |
CES tree structure |
| cesParameter |
parameters of the CES functions and for calibration |
| cm_GDPscen |
cm_GDPscen as set for use in GDX |
| counter |
helper set to facilitate looping in defined order |
| eff_scale_par |
parameters for scaling certain efficiencies during calibration |
| emi_sectors |
comprehensive sector set used for more detailed emissions accounting (REMIND-EU) and for CH4 tier 1 scaling - potentially to be integrated with similar set all_exogEmi |
| emiInd37_fuel(all_enty) |
industry emissions from fuel combustion |
| emiInd37(all_enty) |
industry emissions |
| emiMac2mac(all_enty, all_enty) |
mapping of emission sources to MACs - caution: not all MACs exist, in that case they are zero |
| emiMacSector(all_enty) |
types of climate-relevant non-energy emissions with mac curve. Emissions in this set HAVE to be in emiMac2mac as well - if no MAC is available it will be set to zero automatically. |
| energy_limits37(all_in, all_in) |
thermodynamic limit of energy |
| enty(all_enty) |
all types of quantities |
| entyFe(all_enty) |
final energy types. |
| entyFe2Sector(all_enty, emi_sectors) |
final energy (stationary and transportation) mapping to sectors (industry, buildings, transportation and cdr) |
| entyFe37(all_enty) |
FE carriers used in industry |
| entyFeCC37(all_enty) |
FE carriers in industry which can be used for CO2 capture |
| entySe(all_enty) |
secondary energy types |
| entySeFos(all_enty) |
secondary energy types from fossil primary energy |
| exogDemScen |
exogenuous FE and ES demand scenarios that can be activated by cm_exogDem_scen |
| fe_tax_sub_sbi(all_in, all_in) |
correspondence between tax and subsidy input data resolution and model sectoral resolution. For FE which takes the pathway I to the CES |
| fe_tax_sub37(all_in, all_in) |
correspondence between tax and subsidy input data resolution and model sectoral resolution |
| fe2ppfEn(all_enty, all_in) |
mapping between CES FE variables and ESM FE variables |
| fe2ppfen37(all_enty, all_in) |
match ESM entyFE to ppfen |
| fe2ppfEn37(all_enty, all_in) |
match ESM entyFe to ppfEn |
| in_industry_dyn37(all_in) |
all inputs and outputs of the CES function - industry |
| in(all_in) |
All inputs and outputs of the CES function |
| industry_ue_calibration_target_dyn37(all_in) |
|
| ipf_industry_dyn37(all_in) |
intermediate production factors - industry |
| macBaseInd37(all_enty, secInd37) |
FE and industry combinations that have emissions |
| macInd37(all_enty) |
industry CCS MACs |
| mats(all_enty) |
Materials considered in material-flow model |
| matsOut2teMats(mats, teMats) |
Mapping of output materials onto technologies producing these |
| modules |
all the available modules |
| opModes |
Operation modes for technologies in material-flow model |
| p |
parameter for ch4 and n2o waste emissions and co2 cement emissions |
| pf_eff_target_dyn29(all_in) |
production factors with efficiency target |
| pf_eff_target_dyn37(all_in) |
production factors with efficiency target |
| pf_industry_relaxed_bounds_dyn37(all_in) |
|
| pf_quan_target_dyn29(all_in) |
production factors with quantity target |
| pf_quan_target_dyn37(all_in) |
production factors with quantity target |
| pf_quantity_shares_37(all_in, all_in) |
quantities for the calibration defined as a percentage of another pf |
| ppf_industry_dyn37(all_in) |
primary production factors - industry |
| ppfen_CESMkup_dyn37(all_in) |
industry production factors of CES function to which CES markup cost can be applied |
| ppfen_CESMkup(all_in) |
production factors of CES function to which CES markup cost can be applied |
| ppfen_industry_dyn37(all_in) |
primary production factors energy - industry |
| ppfen_MkupCost37(all_in) |
primary production factors in industry on which CES mark-up cost can be levied that are counted as expenses in the macroeconomic budget equation |
| ppfEn(all_in) |
Primary production factors energy |
| ppfKap_industry_dyn37(all_in) |
|
| ppfKap(all_in) |
Primary production factors capital |
| regi_dyn29(all_regi) |
dynamic region set for compatibility with testOneRegi |
| regi(all_regi) |
all regions used in the solution process |
| rlf |
cost levels of fossil fuels |
| se2fe(all_enty, all_enty, all_te) |
map secondary energy to end-use energy using a technology |
| secInd37 |
industry sub-sectors |
| secInd37_2_emiInd37(secInd37, emiInd37) |
link industry sub-sectors to sector emissions |
| secInd37_2_pf(secInd37, all_in) |
link industry sub-sectors to energy to production factors |
| secInd37_emiMkt(secInd37, all_emiMkt) |
industry and emission market mapping |
| secInd37_teMats(secInd37, teMats) |
Mapping of technologies onto industry subsectors |
| sector2emiMkt(emi_sectors, all_emiMkt) |
mapping sectors to emission markets |
| steps |
iterator for MAC steps |
| t(ttot) |
modeling time, usually starting in 2005, but later for fixed delay runs |
| tall |
time index |
| tdTe2In37(all_te, all_in) |
mapping of td technologies to CES nodes for CES markup cost |
| tdTeMarkup37(all_te) |
td technologies to which CES markup cost should be attributed to as investment cost |
| te(all_te) |
energy technologies |
| teMats(all_te) |
Technologies used in material-flow model |
| teMats2matsIn(teMats, mats) |
Mapping of technologies onto input materials |
| teMats2opModes(teMats, opModes) |
Mapping of technologies onto available operation modes |
| ttot(tall) |
time index with spin up |
| ue_industry_2_pf(all_in, all_in) |
link industry sub-sectors activity to pf |
| ue_industry_dyn37(all_in) |
|
Authors
Michaja Pehl
See Also
01_macro, 20_growth, 21_tax, 24_trade, 29_CES_parameters, 47_regipol, core
References