This module is used to calculate hourly labor costs in agriculutre and the number of people employed in crop and livestock production. The calculation is based on labor costs in crop and livestock production coming from 38_factor_costs and 70_livestock, as well as GDP pc from 09_drivers.
| Description | Unit | A | |
|---|---|---|---|
| im_gdp_pc_mer_iso (t_all, iso) |
Income in market exchange rates | \(10^6 USD_{05MER}/yr\) | x |
| im_gdp_pc_ppp_iso (t_all, iso) |
Per capita income in purchasing power parity | \(USD_{05PPP}/cap/yr\) | x |
| vm_cost_prod_crop (i, req) |
Regional factor costs of capital and labor for plant production | \(10^6 USD_{05MER}/yr\) | x |
| vm_cost_prod_livst (i, req) |
Livestock factor costs | \(10^6 USD_{05MER}/yr\) | x |
This realization calculates agricultural employment based on it’s relation to total labor costs. It therefore depends on the labor costs calculated in the modules 38_factor_costs and 70_livestock, but does not affect resulting total costs or production patterns.
\[\begin{multline*} v36\_employment(i2) = \left(vm\_cost\_prod\_crop(i2,"labor") + vm\_cost\_prod\_livst(i2,"labor") + \sum_{ct}p36\_nonmagpie\_labor\_costs(ct,i2)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1 }{ \sum_{ct}\left(f36\_weekly\_hours(ct,i2) \cdot s36\_weeks\_in\_year \cdot p36\_hourly\_costs(ct,i2)\right)}\right) \end{multline*}\]
Employment is calculated as total labor costs devided by hourly labor costs and average hours worked per employed person per year. Total labor costs include labor costs from crop production (see 38_factor_costs) and livestock production (see 70_livestock), and some labor costs for crop and livestock production which are not covered by MAgPIE.
Non-MAgPIE labor costs consist of the labor cost share of subsidies and from livestock categories not covered by MAgPIE (i.e. wool, beeswax, honey, silk-worms), which are both kept constant for future years.
p36_nonmagpie_labor_costs(t,i) = (f36_unspecified_subsidies(t,i) + f36_nonmagpie_factor_costs(t,i)) * (1-p36_cost_share(t,i));Hourly labor costs are projected into the future by using a linear regression with GDPpcMER, which is calibrated such that historic values of agricultural employment are met.
Limitations Labor availability is not seen as a limiting factor for agricultural production, as the number of people employed is directly linked to labor costs which scale with the amount of production. Furthermore, hourly labor costs are projected into the future based on a regression with GDP pc, while factor requirements for crops (i.e. labor + capital costs per production unit) are kept constant. This means, that any increase in wages is assumed to be matched by a corresponding increase in labor productivity.
| Description | Unit | A | |
|---|---|---|---|
| f36_hist_cap_share (t_all, i) |
Historical capital share | x | |
| f36_hist_hourly_costs (t_all, iso) |
Historical values of hourly labor costs in agriculture | \(USD_{05MER}/h\) | x |
| f36_historic_ag_empl (t_all, iso) |
Historical values of people employed in agruculture | \(10^6 people\) | x |
| f36_nonmagpie_factor_costs (t_all, i) |
Factor cost share of VoP from ag commodities not mapped to MAgPIE | \(10^6 USD_{05MER}\) | x |
| f36_regr_cap_share (reg36) |
Parameters for dynamic regression | x | |
| f36_regr_hourly_costs (reg36) |
Parameters for regression of hourly labor costs with GDPpcMER | x | |
| f36_unspecified_subsidies (t_all, i) |
Factor cost share of unspecified subsidies not included in MAgPIE labor costs | \(10^6 USD_{05MER}\) | x |
| f36_weekly_hours (t_all, i) |
Historical values of average weekly hours worked per person in agriculture | \(h/week\) | x |
| f36_weekly_hours_iso (t_all, iso) |
Historical values of average weekly hours worked per person in agriculture on iso level | \(h/week\) | x |
| p36_calibration_hourly_costs (iso) |
Additive calibration term for hourly labor costs | \(USD_{MER}05/hour\) | x |
| p36_cost_share (t, i) |
Capital share of factor costs | \(1\) | x |
| p36_hourly_costs (t, i) |
Hourly labor costs in agriculture on regional level | \(USD_{MER}05/hour\) | x |
| p36_hourly_costs_iso (t, iso) |
Hourly labor costs in agriculture on iso level | \(USD_{MER}05/hour\) | x |
| p36_nonmagpie_labor_costs (t, i) |
Labor costs from subsidies and VoP not covered by MAgPIE | \(10^6 USD_{MER}05\) | x |
| p36_share_calibration (i) |
Additive calibration term for capital shares | \(1\) | x |
| p36_total_hours_worked (iso) |
Total hours worked by all employed people | \(10^6 hours/year\) | x |
| q36_employment (i) |
Regional agricultural emplyoment | \(10^6 people\) | x |
| s36_weeks_in_year | number of weeks in a year | x | |
| v36_employment (i) |
Number of people employed in agriculture | \(10^6 people\) | x |
| description | |
|---|---|
| ct(t) | Current time period |
| h | all superregional economic regions |
| i | all economic regions |
| i_to_iso(i, iso) | mapping regions to iso countries |
| i2(i) | World regions (dynamic set) |
| iso | list of iso countries |
| reg36 | regression coefficients |
| req | input requirements |
| t_all(t_ext) | 5-year time periods |
| t_past(t_all) | Timesteps with observed data |
| t(t_all) | Simulated time periods |
| type | GAMS variable attribute used for the output |
Debbora Leip
09_drivers, 38_factor_costs, 70_livestock